QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 17;34(2):140-153. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2045260. Epub 2022 Apr 9.
Bullying victimisation is a serious risk factor for mental health problems in children and adolescents. School bullying prevention programs have consistently produced small to moderate reductions in victimisation and perpetration. However, these programs do not necessarily help all students affected by bullying. Paradoxically whole-school programs lead to higher levels of depression and poorer self-esteem for students who continue to be victimised after program implementation. This may be because some elements of whole-school programs make victims more visible to their peers, thus further eroding their peer social status. Three main identified risk factors for children and adolescents who continue to be victimised following school bullying prevention programs are peer rejection, internalising problems, and lower quality parent-child relationships. All are potentially modifiable through family interventions. A large body of research demonstrates the influence of families on children's social skills, peer relationships and emotional regulation. This paper describes the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence for reducing the incidence and mental health outcomes of school bullying victimisation through family interventions. Family interventions should be available to complement school efforts to reduce bullying and improve the mental health of young people.
受欺凌是儿童和青少年心理健康问题的一个严重风险因素。学校欺凌预防计划一直能在一定程度上减少受欺凌和欺凌行为。然而，这些计划并不一定能帮助所有受欺凌影响的学生。矛盾的是，对于那些在计划实施后仍继续受欺凌的学生来说，全员参与的学校计划会导致更高的抑郁水平和更低的自尊心。这可能是因为全员参与的学校计划的某些元素使受害者更容易被同龄人看到，从而进一步削弱了他们的同伴社会地位。在学校欺凌预防计划之后继续受欺凌的儿童和青少年的三个主要确定的风险因素是同伴拒绝、内化问题和较差的亲子关系。所有这些都可以通过家庭干预来改变。大量研究表明，家庭对儿童的社交技能、同伴关系和情绪调节有影响。本文描述了通过家庭干预减少学校欺凌受害发生率和心理健康结果的理论基础和实证证据。家庭干预应该作为学校减少欺凌和改善年轻人心理健康的努力的补充。
