University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy.
Assessment. 2023 Jul;30(5):1391-1406. doi: 10.1177/10731911221101367. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) is extensively used in recent empirical literature on pathological narcissism. However, most studies using the PNI are community-based, and no studies have used the PNI to investigate narcissistic presentations in personality disordered patients. This study investigates measurement invariance of the PNI in community participants and patients with personality disorders, and examines differences of narcissistic presentations in these samples through a multimethod approach. Results show that the PNI can be used reliably to measure and compare traits of pathological narcissism in community participants and patients with personality disorders. Personality disordered patients show higher traits reflecting vulnerable narcissism and overt manifestations of grandiose narcissism, compared with controls. Finally, network analysis indicates that traits of grandiose fantasies and entitlement rage have a central role in defining manifestations of PNI pathological narcissism, regardless of the presence of an underlying personality disorder. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
病理性自恋量表（PNI）在病理性自恋的现代实证文献中被广泛使用。然而，大多数使用 PNI 的研究都是基于社区的，没有研究使用 PNI 来调查人格障碍患者的自恋表现。本研究调查了 PNI 在社区参与者和人格障碍患者中的测量不变性，并通过多方法途径检查了这些样本中自恋表现的差异。结果表明，PNI 可用于可靠地测量和比较社区参与者和人格障碍患者的病理性自恋特质。与对照组相比，人格障碍患者表现出更高的反映脆弱自恋和夸大自恋明显表现的特质。最后，网络分析表明，夸大幻想和权利愤怒的特质在定义 PNI 病理性自恋的表现方面起着核心作用，无论是否存在潜在的人格障碍。讨论了研究和临床意义。
