Pharmacology Laboratory, Neurology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco.
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakech, Morocco.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 14;17(6):e0269832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269832. eCollection 2022.
Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g. It is an important predictor of early neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term health outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for low birth weight in Marrakech Morocco.
A retrospective based case-control study was conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. 462 mother infant pairs (231 low birth weight babies as cases and 231 normal birth weights as controls) were included in the study. Data were collected through face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data were managed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight at p-value < 0.05 with their respective odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.
The univariate analysis revealed the effect of the following determinants on the LBW: rural residence, father's age, father's professional activity, consanguinity, family type, mother's low educational level, and mother's intense physical activity. After the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified were: rural residence (P = 0.017), father's professional activity (temporarily working) (P = 0.000), absence of the consanguinity link (P = 0.016), and mother's intense physical activity (P = 0.014).
Results show father's professional activity (temporarily working), rural residence, absence of the consanguinity link and mother's intense physical activity are independent predictors of low birth weight. The current findings add substantially to the growing literature on the influence of parent's socio-demographic and cultural factors on LBW in resource-constrained settings and provide empirical data for public health interventions to reduce low birth weight.
低出生体重（LBW）定义为出生体重小于 2500 克。它是早期新生儿死亡率、发病率和长期健康结果的重要预测指标。本研究旨在确定摩洛哥马拉喀什低出生体重的危险因素。
本研究采用回顾性病例对照研究，于 2018 年 7 月至 2019 年 7 月进行。共纳入 462 对母婴（231 例低出生体重婴儿为病例组，231 例正常出生体重婴儿为对照组）。通过面对面访谈，使用结构化和预测试问卷收集数据。收集的数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）第 20 版进行管理。使用双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归来识别出生体重低的相关因素，并在 p 值<0.05 时，使用各自的比值比及其 95%置信区间进行分析。
单变量分析显示，以下因素对 LBW 有影响：农村居住、父亲年龄、父亲职业活动、近亲结婚、家庭类型、母亲低教育水平和母亲剧烈的体力活动。多变量分析后，确定的危险因素有：农村居住（P=0.017）、父亲职业活动（临时工）（P=0.000）、无近亲结婚（P=0.016）和母亲剧烈的体力活动（P=0.014）。
结果表明，父亲的职业活动（临时工）、农村居住、无近亲结婚以及母亲剧烈的体力活动是低出生体重的独立预测因素。目前的研究结果极大地补充了关于在资源有限的环境中父母社会人口学和文化因素对 LBW 影响的不断增长的文献，并为减少低出生体重的公共卫生干预措施提供了经验数据。
