Franik Sebastian, Fleischer Kathrin, Kortmann Barbara, Stikkelbroeck Nike M, D'Hauwers Kathleen, Bouvattier Claire, Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta, Grunenwald Solange, van de Grift Tim, Cartault Audrey, Richter-Unruh Annette, Reisch Nicole, Thyen Ute, IntHout Joanna, Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Endocr Connect. 2022 Jun 29;11(7). doi: 10.1530/EC-22-0010. Print 2022 Jul 1.
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is associated with an increased risk of neuropsychological morbidity, such as learning disabilities, which may have a significant impact on socioeconomic status (SES). The objective of this study was to investigate the SES in men with KS and to associate this outcome with social participation, age at diagnosis, testosterone therapy and physical and mental health status. Men with KS were recruited in 14 clinical study centers in six European countries which participated in the European dsd-LIFE study. Two hundred five men with KS were eligible for inclusion. Male normative data from the European Social Surveys (ESS) were used for comparison. Data related to education, occupation, satisfaction with income and householding were collected. Compared to the ESS reference population, fewer men with KS achieved a high level of education (13% vs 25%, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in having a paid job (55% vs 66%, P < 0.001), and the percentage of absence by sickness or disability was higher among men with KS (10% vs 3%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, satisfaction with current household's income was lower (32% vs 42%, P < 0.01). Lower scores for subjective general health were associated with lower scores for these outcomes. Men with KS achieve on average lower levels of education, occupation and report less satisfaction with income compared to the ESS reference population. The presence of health problems and lower scores of subjective general health was related to lower levels of occupation and lower satisfaction with income in men with KS.
克兰费尔特综合征（KS）与神经心理疾病的风险增加有关，如学习障碍，这可能对社会经济地位（SES）产生重大影响。本研究的目的是调查KS男性的社会经济地位，并将这一结果与社会参与、诊断年龄、睾酮治疗以及身心健康状况联系起来。KS男性患者是在参与欧洲性发育差异-生活（dsd-LIFE）研究的六个欧洲国家的14个临床研究中心招募的。205名KS男性符合纳入标准。来自欧洲社会调查（ESS）的男性标准数据用于比较。收集了与教育、职业、收入满意度和家庭状况相关的数据。与ESS参考人群相比，获得高学历的KS男性较少（13%对25%，P<0.001）。在有带薪工作方面存在显著差异（55%对66%，P<0.001），KS男性因病或残疾缺勤的百分比更高（10%对3%，P<0.001）。此外，对当前家庭收入的满意度较低（32%对42%，P<0.01）。主观总体健康得分较低与这些结果的得分较低相关。与ESS参考人群相比，KS男性平均获得的教育水平、职业水平较低，对收入的满意度也较低。健康问题的存在和主观总体健康得分较低与KS男性的职业水平较低和收入满意度较低有关。
