Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Laboratory of Translational Research, Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Aug 1;214:10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.043. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
Antimicrobial peptides, also known as AMPs, are cationic and amphipathic molecules found in all living organisms, composing part of the defense mechanisms against various pathogens, including fungi, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. AMPs derived from plants are the focus of this review because they have gained attention as alternative molecules to overcome pathogen resistance as well as new drugs to combat cancer. Plant AMPs are generally classified based on their sequences and structures, as thionins, defensins, hevein-like peptides, knottins, stable-like peptides, lipid transfer proteins, snakins, and cyclotides. Although there are studies reporting the toxicity of plant AMPs to nontarget cells or limitations of oral administration, synthetic AMPs with reduced toxicity or allergenicity, or greater resistance to peptidases can be designed by using different bioinformatics tools. Thus, this review provides information about the classification of plant AMPs, their characteristics, mechanisms of action, hemolytic and cytotoxic potential, possible applications in the medical field, and finally, the use of bioinformatics to help design synthetic AMPs with improved features.
抗菌肽，也被称为 AMPs，是存在于所有生物体中的阳离子和两亲性分子，构成了防御机制的一部分，以对抗各种病原体，包括真菌、病毒、细菌和线虫。源自植物的 AMP 是本次综述的重点，因为它们作为克服病原体耐药性的替代分子以及对抗癌症的新药而受到关注。植物 AMP 通常根据其序列和结构进行分类，如硫素、防御素、海啡肽样肽、纽扣肽、稳定样肽、脂质转移蛋白、蛇毒素和环肽。尽管有研究报道植物 AMP 对非靶细胞的毒性或口服给药的局限性，但可以使用不同的生物信息学工具设计具有降低毒性或变应原性、或对肽酶更高抗性的合成 AMP。因此，本综述提供了关于植物 AMP 的分类、特性、作用机制、溶血和细胞毒性潜力、在医学领域的可能应用，以及最后使用生物信息学帮助设计具有改进特性的合成 AMP 的信息。
