Mushroom Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, 26560, Autol, La Rioja, Spain.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, SParks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
BMC Genomics. 2022 Jun 15;23(1):442. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08638-x.
The cultivation of edible mushroom is an emerging sector with a potential yet to be discovered. Unlike plants, it is a less developed agriculture where many studies are lacking to optimize the cultivation. In this work we have employed high-throughput techniques by next generation sequencing to screen the microbial structure of casing soil employed in mushroom cultivation (Agaricus bisporus) while sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region of rRNA for. In addition, the microbiota dynamics and evolution (bacterial and fungal communities) in peat-based casing along the process of incubation of A. bisporus have been studied, while comparing the effect of fungicide treatment (chlorothalonil and metrafenone). Statistically significant changes in populations of bacteria and fungi were observed. Microbial composition differed significantly based on incubation day, changing radically from the original communities in the raw material to a specific microbial composition driven by the A. bisporus mycelium growth. Chlorothalonil treatment seems to delay casing colonization by A. bisporus. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota appeared as the most dominant bacterial phyla. We observed a great change in the structure of the bacteria populations between day 0 and the following days. Fungi populations changed more gradually, with A. bisporus displacing the rest of the species as the cultivation cycle progresses. A better understanding of the microbial communities in the casing will hopefully allow us to increase the biological efficiency of the crop.
食用菌的栽培是一个新兴的领域，其潜力尚未被发掘。与植物不同，它是一个欠发达的农业领域，许多研究都缺乏优化栽培的方法。在这项工作中，我们采用高通量技术，通过下一代测序来筛选用于蘑菇栽培的覆土（双孢蘑菇）中的微生物结构，同时对细菌的 16S rRNA 基因的 V3-V4 区和 rRNA 的 ITS2 区进行测序。此外，我们还研究了基于泥炭的覆土在双孢蘑菇培养过程中的微生物动态和演替（细菌和真菌群落），同时比较了杀菌剂处理（百菌清和代森锰锌）的效果。观察到细菌和真菌种群的统计学显著变化。微生物组成根据培养天数有显著差异，从原始基质中的原始群落发生根本变化，转变为由双孢蘑菇菌丝生长驱动的特定微生物组成。百菌清处理似乎会延迟双孢蘑菇对覆土的定植。变形菌门和拟杆菌门似乎是最主要的细菌门。我们观察到，在 0 天和之后的几天之间，细菌种群的结构发生了很大的变化。真菌种群的变化较为缓慢，随着培养周期的进行，双孢蘑菇取代了其他物种。更好地了解覆土中的微生物群落有望提高作物的生物效率。
