Kosanović Dejana, Potočnik Ivana, Vukojević Jelena, Stajić Mirjana, Rekanović Emil, Stepanović Miloš, Todorović Biljana
a Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak ," Belgrade , Serbia.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2015;50(8):607-13. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1028849.
Trichoderma species, the causal agents of green mould disease, induce great losses in Agaricus bisporus farms. Fungicides are widely used to control mushroom diseases although green mould control is encumbered with difficulties. The aims of this study were, therefore, to research in vitro toxicity of several commercial fungicides to Trichoderma isolates originating from Serbian and Bosnia-Herzegovina farms, and to evaluate the effects of pH and light on their growth. The majority of isolates demonstrated optimal growth at pH 5.0, and the rest at pH 6.0. A few isolates also grew well at pH 7. The weakest mycelial growth was noted at pH 8.0-9.0. Generally, light had an inhibitory effect on the growth of tested isolates. The isolates showed the highest susceptibility to chlorothalonil and carbendazim (ED50 less than 1 mg L(-1)), and were less sensitive to iprodione (ED50 ranged 0.84-6.72 mg L(-1)), weakly resistant to thiophanate-methyl (ED50 = 3.75-24.13 mg L(-1)), and resistant to trifloxystrobin (ED50 = 10.25-178.23 mg L(-1)). Considering the toxicity of fungicides to A. bisporus, carbendazim showed the best selective toxicity (0.02), iprodione and chlorothalonil moderate (0.16), and thiophanate-methyl the lowest (1.24), while trifloxystrobin toxicity to A. bisporus was not tested because of its inefficiency against Trichoderma isolates.
木霉属真菌是绿霉病的病原菌，会给双孢蘑菇养殖场造成巨大损失。尽管绿霉病防治存在困难，但杀菌剂仍被广泛用于控制蘑菇病害。因此，本研究的目的是研究几种商业杀菌剂对源自塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那养殖场的木霉分离株的体外毒性，并评估pH值和光照对其生长的影响。大多数分离株在pH 5.0时生长最佳，其余的在pH 6.0时生长最佳。少数分离株在pH 7时也生长良好。在pH 8.0 - 9.0时观察到最弱的菌丝生长。一般来说，光照对受试分离株的生长有抑制作用。分离株对百菌清和多菌灵最敏感（半数有效浓度小于1 mg L(-1)），对异菌脲较不敏感（半数有效浓度范围为0.84 - 6.72 mg L(-1)），对甲基托布津有弱抗性（半数有效浓度 = 3.75 - 24.13 mg L(-1)），对肟菌酯有抗性（半数有效浓度 = 10.25 - 178.23 mg L(-1)）。考虑到杀菌剂对双孢蘑菇的毒性，多菌灵表现出最佳的选择性毒性（0.02），异菌脲和百菌清中等（0.16），甲基托布津最低（1.24），而肟菌酯对双孢蘑菇的毒性未进行测试，因为它对木霉分离株无效。
