Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 40, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
Department of Rehabilitation Post-Stroke, National Institute for Medical Rehabilitation, Budapest, Hungary.
BMC Oral Health. 2022 Jun 14;22(1):234. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02259-2.
Post-stroke inpatients are at risk of poor oral health for a number of reasons. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of post-stroke patients and also to explore the factors that may influence it.
This cross-sectional study was organised at National Institute for Medical Rehabilitation in Hungary. Altogether 410 post-stroke patients were enrolled in the survey. Personal medical history and functional assessment was obtained from the final medical reports of the patients. The clinical examination and data collection were conducted according to the World Health Organization (2013) criteria. Socio-demographic background and behaviours related to oral health were assessed using a questionnaire. The dental status was explained by the number of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT). The association of socio-demographic factors, stroke and functional assessment with oral health status and behaviour was evaluated. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Welch test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA model and correlation analysis were used to analyse our data. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Mean age of stroke patients was 59.21(Standard Deviation [SD] 14.74) years. Mean DMFT score was 20.13 (8.08), including 3.28 (4.24) decayed teeth, 15.02 (10.29) missing teeth and 1.83 (2.94) filled teeth score. Factors that influenced the oral health status were gender, age, occupational status, level of education, type and risk factors for stroke. Significant correlation was found between the Functional Independence Measure and oral health-related behaviours with patients brushing their teeth once a month showing the lowest value.
According to the results, low socio-demographic and economic status, low level of education and the Functional Independence Measure score, unemployment, the combination of risk factors for stroke and residual dysfunctions are associated with poor oral health status. The data indicate that a series of changes are needed, for special attention and care in oral health for patients who have had a stroke. Based on the findings of this research, a new model of prevention and care can be developed, with an interdisciplinary collaboration, to promote the quality of life of these individuals.
由于多种原因，中风后住院患者的口腔健康状况较差。本研究旨在评估中风后患者的口腔健康状况，并探讨可能影响其口腔健康的因素。
本横断面研究在匈牙利国家医学康复研究所进行。共纳入 410 名中风后患者进行调查。从患者的最终病历中获取个人病史和功能评估信息。临床检查和数据收集按照世界卫生组织（2013 年）标准进行。采用问卷评估社会人口统计学背景和与口腔健康相关的行为。用龋失补（DMFT）牙数解释牙齿状况。评估社会人口统计学因素、中风和功能评估与口腔健康状况和行为的相关性。采用卡方检验、Fisher 确切检验、Welch 检验、Mann-Whitney U 检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验、方差分析模型和相关分析来分析数据。显著性水平设为 p<0.05。
中风患者的平均年龄为 59.21 岁（标准差[SD]为 14.74 岁）。平均 DMFT 评分为 20.13（8.08），其中 3.28 颗龋齿、15.02 颗失牙和 1.83 颗补牙。影响口腔健康状况的因素包括性别、年龄、职业状况、受教育程度、中风类型和危险因素。功能独立性测量（FIM）与口腔健康相关行为之间存在显著相关性，患者每月刷牙一次的评分最低。
根据结果，低社会人口统计学和经济地位、低教育水平和 FIM 评分、失业、中风危险因素的组合以及功能残障与较差的口腔健康状况相关。这些数据表明，需要进行一系列的改变，特别关注和照顾中风患者的口腔健康。基于本研究的发现，可以制定一种新的预防和护理模式，通过跨学科合作，提高这些患者的生活质量。
