Zhao Yanyan, Lin Shibin, Chen Kailiang, Chen Die, Lai Jineng
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China.
Am J Transl Res. 2022 May 15;14(5):3113-3120. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this research was to observe the characteristics of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients by ultrasound and analyze the factors influencing the development of atherosclerosis in these patients.
Ninety diabetic patients treated in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. The transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and carotid ultrasound were used to determine the presence of intracranial (stenosis) and extracranial (plaque) atherosclerosis. The differences in characteristics of different lesions and risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis were compared.
Ultrasound examination of the 90 enrolled patients showed that 5 (5.56%) had only intracranial artery stenosis, 30 (33.33%) had only extracranial atherosclerosis, 20 (22.22%) had intracranial artery stenosis combined with extracranial atherosclerosis, and 35 (38.89%) had no lesions. The intracranial stenosis rate (27.78%) was significantly higher than that of extracranial carotid stenosis or occlusion (2.22%) ( < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of diabetes mellitus and concomitant hypertension were independent risk factors for intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis ( < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group showed reduced carotid plaque, decreased inflammatory response, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( < 0.05).
Diabetic patients have a higher incidence of atherosclerosis, which is related to the duration of the diabetes mellitus and concomitant hypertension, so the monitoring of these patients needs to be strengthened. In addition, the administration of atorvastatin can better improve hyperlipidemia and slow down the development of atherosclerosis.
本研究旨在通过超声观察糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的特征，并分析影响这些患者动脉粥样硬化发展的因素。
选取2019年1月至2019年12月在我院接受治疗的90例糖尿病患者进行回顾性分析。采用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）和颈动脉超声确定颅内（狭窄）和颅外（斑块）动脉粥样硬化的存在情况。比较不同病变特征及动脉粥样硬化发展的危险因素。
对90例入选患者的超声检查显示，5例（5.56%）仅有颅内动脉狭窄，30例（33.33%）仅有颅外动脉粥样硬化，20例（22.22%）颅内动脉狭窄合并颅外动脉粥样硬化，35例（38.89%）无病变。颅内狭窄率（27.78%）显著高于颅外颈动脉狭窄或闭塞率（2.22%）（<0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示，糖尿病病程和合并高血压是颅内和颅外动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素（<0.05）。与对照组相比，研究组颈动脉斑块减少，炎症反应降低，总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）降低，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）升高（<0.05）。
糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化发生率较高，与糖尿病病程和合并高血压有关，因此需要加强对这些患者的监测。此外，阿托伐他汀治疗可更好地改善高脂血症，减缓动脉粥样硬化的发展。
