Favaro Benedetta, Balliana Eleonora, Rigoni Federica, Zendri Elisabetta
Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences and Statistics, via Torino 155/b, Venice, Italy.
Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, via Torino 155/b, Venice, Italy.
J Cult Herit. 2021 Sep-Oct;51:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2021.06.012. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
The ongoing Coronavirus crisis involved almost all sectors as well as museums, collections, and historical sites all over the world. Even though artworks do not have the ability to spread the virus, the pandemic officially introduced in cultural sites alcohol-based products (even by visitors for personal use) as these products were indicated to be able to inactivate the virus and were imposed by many local authorities. In this context, the need to conciliate the safety of the visitors and the protection of artworks represents a challenging task. The possibility that accumulation of vapour coming from the sanitizing solutions or from accidental spills, potentially caused also by visitors, should be considered. The study focuses specifically on the possible interactions between sanitizing alcohol-based products and silk, since this material is present in many cultural sites all over the world on upholsteries and tapestries. The recommended sanitising solution (75% ethanol, 20% water, 5% benzalkonium chloride) selected by the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage (MIBACT) was considered. Pure distilled water, absolute ethanol and water/ethanol blends in different concentrations were also tested. Chemical and morphological variations on the silk have been evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM, Atomic Force Microscopy - AFM and portable instruments (contact microscope, colorimeter, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy). IR and Raman analyses did not detect significant chemical changes in silk. However, Raman spectra showed, after immersion treatments, minor variations in the intensity of peaks attributed to dyes. Residues of benzalkonium chloride after immersion tests in sanitising solution are present, confirmed also by SEM and AFM analyses. Even if chemical spectroscopic changes were not relevant, the colour of few samples seemed to consistently fade after immersion treatments, thus affecting the visual appearance of textiles.
持续的新冠疫情危机涉及几乎所有领域，世界各地的博物馆、藏品和历史遗迹也未能幸免。尽管艺术品本身没有传播病毒的能力，但这场大流行在文化场所正式引入了含酒精产品（甚至包括游客个人使用的产品），因为这些产品被认为能够灭活病毒，并且许多地方当局都有相关规定。在这种情况下，协调游客安全与艺术品保护成为一项具有挑战性的任务。需要考虑来自消毒溶液或意外溢出（也可能由游客造成）的蒸汽积聚的可能性。该研究特别关注含酒精消毒产品与丝绸之间可能的相互作用，因为这种材料在世界各地许多文化场所的内饰和挂毯中都有使用。研究采用了意大利文化遗产部（MIBACT）推荐的消毒溶液（75%乙醇、20%水、5%苯扎氯铵）。同时也测试了纯蒸馏水、无水乙醇以及不同浓度的水/乙醇混合物。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和便携式仪器（接触显微镜、色度计、红外和拉曼光谱仪）对丝绸的化学和形态变化进行了评估。红外和拉曼分析未检测到丝绸有显著的化学变化。然而，拉曼光谱显示，经过浸泡处理后，归因于染料的峰强度有微小变化。浸泡测试后，消毒溶液中的苯扎氯铵残留通过SEM和AFM分析得到证实。即使化学光谱变化不显著，但少数样品在浸泡处理后颜色似乎持续褪色，从而影响了纺织品的视觉外观。
