运动训练方案可改善哮喘成人的心肺和功能适应性：系统评价和荟萃分析。
Exercise Training Programs Improve Cardiorespiratory and Functional Fitness in Adults With Asthma: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.
机构信息
School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Drs Valkenborghs, Scott, and Callister); Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Drs Valkenborghs and Callister); School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia (Ms Anderson); and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (Dr Scott).
出版信息
J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2022 Nov 1;42(6):423-433. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000698. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
PURPOSE
This systematic review aimed to identify the characteristics and determine the effects of exercise interventions on improving health-related physical fitness in adults with asthma.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic search was completed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus for peer-reviewed publications of experimental studies that investigated the effects of an exercise training intervention on performance-based health-related physical fitness outcomes in adults with asthma. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion according to predetermined criteria and performed data extraction and quality assessment of included studies.
SUMMARY
Forty-five articles were included, in which results for 39 unique studies were reported. Subjects (n = 2135) were aged 22 ± 4 to 71 ± 11 yr with mild-severe asthma. Most exercise programs used aerobic exercise, either alone or in combination with resistance or breathing/stretching exercises. The most common exercise program characteristics were supervised moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise performed for 30-45 min 3 d/wk. Meta-analyses revealed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙o2peak: unstandardized mean difference [MD] 3.1 mL/kg/min, 95% CI, 1.9-4.3), functional fitness (walking distance: MD 41 m, 95% CI, 27-54), and overall health-related physical fitness (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.67, 95% CI, 0.46-0.89) in favor of groups who underwent experimental exercise training interventions. Aerobic exercise elicited superior improvements in health-related physical fitness compared with breathing/stretching exercise (SMD 0.47, 95% CI, 0.14-0.81).Supervised exercise training programs, particularly those aerobic in nature, are effective in eliciting clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory and functional fitness in adults with asthma.PROSPERO registration ID number = CRD42018092828.
目的
本系统评价旨在确定运动干预对改善哮喘成人健康相关身体适应性的特征和效果。
方法
在 MEDLINE、CINAHL、Embase 和 SPORTDiscus 中进行了系统检索，以查找关于运动训练干预对哮喘成人基于表现的健康相关身体适应性结果影响的同行评审出版物。两位评审员根据预定标准独立筛选研究纳入情况，并对纳入研究进行数据提取和质量评估。
总结
共纳入 45 篇文章，其中报告了 39 项独特研究的结果。受试者（n = 2135）年龄为 22 ± 4 至 71 ± 11 岁，患有轻度至重度哮喘。大多数运动方案使用有氧运动，单独或与阻力或呼吸/伸展运动相结合。最常见的运动方案特征是每周 3 天，每天进行 30-45 分钟，强度为中等至剧烈的有氧运动。荟萃分析显示，心肺适应性（V˙o2peak：未标准化均数差 [MD] 3.1 mL/kg/min，95%置信区间，1.9-4.3）、功能适应性（步行距离：MD 41 m，95%置信区间，27-54）和整体健康相关身体适应性（标准化均数差 [SMD] 0.67，95%置信区间，0.46-0.89）显著提高，这有利于接受实验性运动训练干预的组。与呼吸/伸展运动相比，有氧运动引起的健康相关身体适应性改善更为优越（SMD 0.47，95%置信区间，0.14-0.81）。监督性运动训练方案，特别是以有氧运动为基础的方案，对改善哮喘成人的心肺和功能适应性具有显著效果。PROSPERO 注册号=CRD42018092828。
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