Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
J Cancer Surviv. 2019 Apr;13(2):205-223. doi: 10.1007/s11764-019-00743-3. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
PURPOSE: This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to usual care (UC) or moderate-intensity training (MIE) on physical fitness and health-related outcomes in cancer patients across all stages of therapy and aftercare. METHODS: Databases were systematically searched in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines until October 4th, 2018. Eligibility criteria included adult patients of various cancer types, performing HIIT vs. UC or MIE. Outcomes of interest included physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness [VO] and functional capacity) and health-related outcomes (body composition, quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and blood-borne biomarkers). Mean differences (MD) were calculated and pooled to generate effect sizes for VO. RESULTS: The search identified 1453 studies, out of which 12 articles were included. The average duration of interventions was 6.7 ± 3.0 weeks, with 2.8 ± 0.5 sessions per week. The meta-analysis for VO showed superiority of HIIT compared to UC (MD 3.73; 95% CI 2.07, 5.39; p < 0.001) but not MIE (MD 1.36; 95% CI - 1.62, 4.35; p = 0.370). Similarly, no superior effects of HIIT compared to MIE were found for quality of life or changes in lean mass, while evidence was provided for a larger reduction in fat mass. CONCLUSION: This systematic review showed that short-term HIIT induces similar positive effects on physical fitness and health-related outcomes as MIE but seems to be superior compared to UC. Thus, HIIT might be a time-efficient intervention for cancer patients across all stages of therapy and aftercare. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior compared to usucal care in improving physical fitness and health-related outcomes in cancer patients across all stages of therapy and aftercare. Currently, there is no evidence for the benefits of HIIT compared to aerobic training of moderate intensity (MIE) for changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, lean mass and patient-reported outcomes. Reductions in fat mass may be more pronounced in HIIT compared to MIE when training is performed in aftercare.
目的：本综述和荟萃分析旨在评估高强度间歇训练（HIIT）与常规护理（UC）或中等强度训练（MIE）相比，对所有治疗阶段和康复后的癌症患者的身体健康和健康相关结果的影响。
方法：根据 PRISMA 指南系统地搜索数据库，直到 2018 年 10 月 4 日。纳入标准包括各种癌症类型的成年患者，进行 HIIT 与 UC 或 MIE 的比较。感兴趣的结果包括身体适应性（心肺适应性 [VO] 和功能能力）和健康相关结果（身体成分、生活质量、癌症相关疲劳和血液生物标志物）。计算平均差异（MD）并汇总以生成 VO 的效应大小。
结果：搜索共确定了 1453 项研究，其中 12 项研究被纳入。干预的平均持续时间为 6.7±3.0 周，每周进行 2.8±0.5 次。荟萃分析显示，与 UC 相比，HIIT 具有优势（MD 3.73；95%CI 2.07，5.39；p<0.001），但与 MIE 相比无优势（MD 1.36；95%CI -1.62，4.35；p=0.370）。同样，与 MIE 相比，HIIT 对生活质量或瘦体重的变化没有更好的效果，而证据表明脂肪量的减少更大。
结论：本系统综述表明，短期 HIIT 对身体健康和健康相关结果产生类似的积极影响，与 MIE 相当，但与 UC 相比似乎更具优势。因此，HIIT 可能是癌症患者在所有治疗阶段和康复后的一种高效干预措施。
对癌症幸存者的意义：与常规护理相比，高强度间歇训练（HIIT）在改善癌症患者所有治疗阶段和康复后的身体健康和健康相关结果方面具有优势。目前，没有证据表明 HIIT 与中等强度的有氧训练（MIE）相比，对心肺适应性、瘦体重和患者报告的结果有更好的益处。当在康复中进行训练时，与 MIE 相比，HIIT 可能会更明显地减少脂肪量。
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