College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Business School, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 5;11:1194779. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194779. eCollection 2023.
Schools provide a favorable setting for health education, however, the most effective school-based exercise mode for improving physical fitness remains unclear. This network meta-analysis was designed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of six exercise modalities on physical fitness indicators in a school-based setting.
An online search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were considered. Outcomes included measures of anthropometry and body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data were pooled with a random effects model using the frequentist framework.
A total of 66 studies with 8,578 participants (48% girls) were included. High-intensity interval training was the most effective intervention reducing body mass index (mean difference (MD) = -0.60 kg·m, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -1.04 to -0.15, = 0.009), elevating VO (MD = 3.59 mL·kg·min, 95% CI = 2.45 to 4.74, < 0.001), and 20-meter sprint performance (MD = -0.35 s, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.14, = 0.001). Aerobic training had the highest probability of reducing waist circumference (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.60, 95% CI = -0.88 to -0.32, < 0.001). Active video games emerged as a promising modality for improving countermovement jump (MD = 2.43 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 4.80, = 0.041) and shuttle running performance (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.43, = 0.003). Strength training was the best exercise mode for improving standing long jump performance (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.98, = 0.035) while combined training was rated the first for decreasing body fat percent (MD = -2.56%, 95% CI = -4.73 to -0.40, = 0.022) and increasing push-up repetitions (SMD = 3.59, 95% CI = 0.81 to 6.37, = 0.012).
School-based exercise interventions have multiple effects on physical fitness. The findings of this study will help to inform physical education teachers and coaches how best to deliver exercise programs in a school setting. Since the study was limited by the original research, the conclusions will require further verification using high-quality randomized controlled trials.
PROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42023401963.
学校为健康教育提供了有利的环境，但提高身体素质的最有效的基于学校的运动模式仍不清楚。本网络荟萃分析旨在评估和排名六种运动模式对基于学校环境下身体素质指标的相对疗效。
在 Web of Science、PubMed、SPORTDiscus 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了在线搜索。纳入了随机和准随机对照试验。结果包括人体测量和身体成分、肌肉力量和心肺适能的测量。使用频繁主义框架的随机效应模型对数据进行汇总。
共纳入 66 项研究，涉及 8578 名参与者（48%为女孩）。高强度间歇训练是降低身体质量指数最有效的干预措施（平均差异（MD）= -0.60 kg·m，95%置信区间（95%CI）= -1.04 至 -0.15，= 0.009），提高最大摄氧量（MD = 3.59 mL·kg·min，95%CI = 2.45 至 4.74，< 0.001）和 20 米冲刺表现（MD = -0.35 s，95%CI = -0.55 至 -0.14，= 0.001）。有氧运动训练降低腰围的可能性最高（标准化均数差（SMD）= -0.60，95%CI = -0.88 至 -0.32，< 0.001）。电子运动游戏作为一种提高深蹲跳（MD = 2.43 cm，95%CI = 0.06 至 4.80，= 0.041）和折返跑（SMD = 0.86，95%CI = 0.29 至 1.43，= 0.003）的有前途的运动模式脱颖而出。力量训练是提高立定跳远表现（SMD = 1.03，95%CI = 0.07 至 1.98，= 0.035）的最佳运动模式，而综合训练则被评为降低体脂百分比（MD = -2.56%，95%CI = -4.73 至 -0.40，= 0.022）和增加俯卧撑次数（SMD = 3.59，95%CI = 0.81 至 6.37，= 0.012）的首选方法。
基于学校的运动干预对身体素质有多种影响。本研究的结果将有助于体育教师和教练了解如何在学校环境中最好地实施运动方案。由于该研究受到原始研究的限制，因此需要使用高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证结论。
PROSPERO，标识符：CRD42023401963。
