Hepatología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra.
Hepatología, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, España.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2022 Nov;114(11):663-670. doi: 10.17235/reed.2022.8876/2022.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly prevalent tumor worldwide and when it reaches an advanced stage, few systemic treatments are available to improve the survival of these patients. However, greater knowledge about the tumor microenvironment and the role of the immune system in the control of tumor progression has allowed the development of treatments targeting immune checkpoints, which result in encouraging tumor response rates and prolonged survival. Although most of these treatments are well tolerated, up to 20 % of patients may experience side effects derived from non-specific stimulation of the immune system. In the cirrhotic patient, the early diagnosis and treatment of such adverse events is particularly challenging. Therefore, the ongoing investigation on the use of these new therapies will allow us to better understand the profile of the patients who will benefit most.
肝细胞癌是一种在全球范围内高发的肿瘤，当它发展到晚期时，几乎没有系统的治疗方法可以改善这些患者的生存。然而，对肿瘤微环境和免疫系统在控制肿瘤进展中的作用的更多了解，使得针对免疫检查点的治疗方法得以发展，这些治疗方法导致了令人鼓舞的肿瘤反应率和延长的生存。尽管这些治疗方法大多耐受性良好，但多达 20%的患者可能会出现源自免疫系统非特异性刺激的副作用。在肝硬化患者中，早期诊断和治疗这些不良反应尤其具有挑战性。因此，对这些新疗法的持续研究将使我们能够更好地了解最受益的患者群体。
