Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA; email:
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Annu Rev Virol. 2022 Sep 29;9(1):491-520. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100220-010653. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the most common cause of congenital disease globally, affecting an estimated 1 million newborns annually, can result in lifelong sequelae in infants, such as sensorineural hearing loss and brain damage. HCMV infection also leads to a significant disease burden in immunocompromised individuals. Hence, an effective HCMV vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection and HCMV-associated diseases. Unfortunately, despite more than five decades of vaccine development, no successful HCMV vaccine is available. This review summarizes what we have learned from acquired natural immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity; the successes and failures of HCMV vaccine human clinical trials; the progress in related animal models; and the analysis of protective immune responses during natural infection and vaccination settings. Finally, we propose novel vaccine strategies that will harness the knowledge of protective immunity and employ new technology and vaccine concepts to inform next-generation HCMV vaccine development.
人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染是全球最常见的先天性疾病病因，每年估计影响 100 万新生儿，可导致婴儿出现终身后遗症，如感觉神经性听力损失和脑损伤。HCMV 感染也会给免疫功能低下个体带来重大疾病负担。因此，迫切需要有效的 HCMV 疫苗来预防感染和 HCMV 相关疾病。不幸的是，尽管经过了五十多年的疫苗开发，仍没有成功的 HCMV 疫苗。这篇综述总结了我们从获得性天然免疫中获得的经验，包括先天免疫和适应性免疫；HCMV 疫苗人体临床试验的成功和失败；相关动物模型的进展；以及对自然感染和接种环境中保护性免疫反应的分析。最后，我们提出了新的疫苗策略，将利用保护性免疫的知识，并采用新技术和疫苗概念为下一代 HCMV 疫苗开发提供信息。
