BCNatal - Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2022;49(5-6):265-272. doi: 10.1159/000525528. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of childhood disabilities, and consensus recommendations emphasize the importance of hygienic measures to reduce perinatal infection. Our study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness about CMV among health professionals and pregnant women.
We submitted a 20-item online survey regarding CMV perinatal infection to all obstetricians and midwives in Catalonia (Spain) and a 7-item lay version of the questionnaire to 700 pregnant women. Levels of knowledge were compared among groups.
Of the 1,449 health professionals approached, 338 surveys were answered. 72% of professionals considered CMV a relevant problem. 47% of obstetricians and 28% of midwives (p ≤ 0.001) routinely informed pregnant women, and less than half knew the risk of fetal transmission. We observed significant differences in knowledge between obstetricians and midwives concerning the risks of recurrent infections, risk of transmission, and risk of severe infection (60.7% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.006 and 50.6% vs. 22.5%, p ≤ 0.001); and regarding maternal and neonatal symptoms and newborn sequelae (23% vs. 8.8%, p ≤ 0.001). Of the 700 women approached, we obtained a response rate of 72%. Only 23% had previously heard about CMV, 22% identified transmission routes, and 15% preventive measures. Compared to women without risk factors for CMV infection, women at greater risk had heard more about CMV (mothers of children <3 years: 36% vs. 20%, p < 0.001; occupational exposure: 43% vs. 20%, p ≤ 0.001) and had received more information (mothers of children <3 years: 18% vs. 9.5%, p ≤ 0.001; occupational exposure: 23% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.001).
Health care professionals have limited knowledge about CMV and may fail to enforce preventive measures. While pregnant women have limited awareness about CMV infection, they recognize the need for information. Health campaigns should be promoted to enhance awareness about this perinatal infection.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是儿童残疾的主要原因，共识建议强调采取卫生措施减少围产期感染的重要性。我们的研究旨在评估卫生专业人员和孕妇对 CMV 的认识水平。
我们向加泰罗尼亚（西班牙）的所有产科医生和助产士提交了一份关于 CMV 围产期感染的 20 项在线调查，以及一份针对 700 名孕妇的 7 项简化版问卷。我们比较了不同组别的知识水平。
在接触的 1449 名卫生专业人员中，有 338 人回答了调查。72%的专业人员认为 CMV 是一个相关问题。47%的产科医生和 28%的助产士（p≤0.001）定期告知孕妇，不到一半的人了解胎儿传播的风险。我们观察到产科医生和助产士在复发性感染、传播风险和严重感染风险方面的知识存在显著差异（60.7%比 45.6%，p=0.006 和 50.6%比 22.5%，p≤0.001）；以及在母婴症状和新生儿后遗症方面（23%比 8.8%，p≤0.001）。在接触的 700 名妇女中，我们获得了 72%的回复率。只有 23%的人以前听说过 CMV，22%的人识别出传播途径，15%的人采取预防措施。与 CMV 感染风险较低的妇女相比，风险较高的妇女对 CMV 的了解更多（有 3 岁以下儿童的母亲：36%比 20%，p<0.001；职业接触：43%比 20%，p≤0.001），并且获得了更多信息（有 3 岁以下儿童的母亲：18%比 9.5%，p≤0.001；职业接触：23%比 9.3%，p=0.001）。
卫生保健专业人员对 CMV 的了解有限，可能无法执行预防措施。虽然孕妇对 CMV 感染的认识有限，但他们认识到需要信息。应开展宣传活动，提高对这种围产期感染的认识。
