Kramer Axel, Splieth Christian
Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald,Germany.
Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2022 May 10;17:Doc08. doi: 10.3205/dgkh000411. eCollection 2022.
Periodontal diseases and caries are two of the most common forms of chronic degenerative diseases, with consequences not only for the oral cavity manifesting as tooth loss, orofacial pain and xerostomia, but also with effects on the cardiovascular system and, in the elderly, on the pneumonia rate. This can be prevented or controlled by structured oral hygiene.
Based on a systematic literature search in PubMed, the possibilities for ensuring structured oral hygiene are analyzed.
Limiting the consumption of sugary meals and beverages, regular removal of food debris - supplemented by sugar-free chewing gum if desired - and preventing plaque formation by brushing with fluoridated toothpastes, using dental floss and interdental brushes after meals, serve to prevent or control gingivitis, periodontitis and caries. In the long term, the development of periodontitis-associated cardiovascular diseases and, in the elderly, the risk of pneumonia can probably be reduced. Antiseptic rinsing of the oral cavity is an important supplement to prevent periodontitis, especially in cases of limited ability to perform mechanical biofilm removal, but also for the prevention of respiratory infections. Proper functional tooth alignment is important for optimal mechanical cleaning to prevent plaque accumulation. If correction of misaligned teeth is possible with the use of removable aligners instead of fixed orthodontic appliances, these are to be preferred because of the better accessibility for mechanical hygiene measures.
牙周疾病和龋齿是两种最常见的慢性退行性疾病，不仅会对口腔造成影响，表现为牙齿脱落、口腔面部疼痛和口干，还会影响心血管系统，对老年人而言，还会影响肺炎发病率。这可以通过规范的口腔卫生措施来预防或控制。
基于对PubMed的系统文献检索，分析确保规范口腔卫生的可能性。
限制含糖餐食和饮料的摄入，定期清除食物残渣（如有需要可辅以无糖口香糖），饭后使用含氟牙膏刷牙、使用牙线和牙缝刷防止牙菌斑形成，有助于预防或控制牙龈炎、牙周炎和龋齿。从长远来看，可能会降低与牙周炎相关的心血管疾病的发生率，对老年人而言，还可能降低肺炎风险。口腔抗菌冲洗是预防牙周炎的重要补充措施，特别是在机械清除生物膜能力有限的情况下，对预防呼吸道感染也有帮助。正确的牙齿功能排列对于最佳机械清洁以防止牙菌斑积聚很重要。如果使用可摘矫治器而不是固定正畸矫治器来矫正牙齿排列不齐是可行的，那么由于机械卫生措施的可达性更好，应优先选择可摘矫治器。
