School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2022 Sep 15;8:101-133. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-093020-112820. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
In our tendency to discuss the objective properties of the external world, we may fail to notice that our subjective perceptions of those properties differ between individuals. Variability at all levels of the color vision system creates diversity in color perception, from discrimination to color matching, appearance, and subjective experience, such that each of us lives in a unique perceptual world. In this review, I discuss what is known about individual differences in color perception and its determinants, particularly considering genetically mediated variability in cone photopigments and the paradoxical effects of visual environments in both contributing to and counteracting individual differences. I make the case that, as well as being of interest in their own right and crucial for a complete account of color vision, individual differences can be used as a methodological tool in color science for the insights that they offer about the underlying mechanisms of perception.
在我们倾向于讨论外部世界的客观属性时，我们可能没有注意到，我们对这些属性的主观感知因人而异。从颜色辨别力到颜色匹配、外观和主观体验，颜色视觉系统各个层面的可变性都创造了颜色感知的多样性，以至于我们每个人都生活在一个独特的感知世界中。在这篇综述中，我讨论了颜色感知及其决定因素的个体差异，特别是考虑到视锥细胞感光色素的遗传介导变异性，以及视觉环境对个体差异的双重作用。我认为，个体差异不仅本身就很有趣，而且对于全面了解颜色视觉至关重要，它们还可以作为颜色科学中的一种方法学工具，为我们提供关于感知基础机制的深入见解。
