Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2022 Dec;29(6):2202-2210. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02131-y. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
Recall of studied material is typically impaired as time between study and test increases. Selective restudy can interrupt such time-dependent forgetting by enhancing recall not only of the restudied but also of the not restudied material. In two experiments, we examined whether this interruption of time-dependent forgetting reflects a transient or more lasting effect on recall performance. We analyzed time-dependent forgetting of studied items right after study and after time-lagged selective restudy. Restudy boosted recall of the not restudied items up to the levels observed directly after study and created a restart of time-dependent forgetting from this enhanced recall level. Critically, the forgetting after restudy was indistinguishable from the forgetting after study, suggesting that restudy induced a reset of recall for the not restudied items. The results are consistent with the idea that restudy reactivates the temporal context during study, thus facilitating recall of the not restudied items. In particular, the findings suggest that such context updating reflects a lasting effect that entails a restart of the original time-dependent forgetting. Results are discussed with respect to recent, similar findings on effects of time-lagged selective retrieval.
随着学习和测试之间时间的增加，对所学材料的回忆通常会受到损害。选择性复习可以通过增强不仅对已复习的材料，而且对未复习的材料的回忆来打断这种依赖时间的遗忘。在两项实验中，我们研究了这种对时间依赖遗忘的中断是否反映了对回忆表现的暂时或更持久的影响。我们分析了学习后立即和时间延迟的选择性复习后对学习项目的时间依赖遗忘。复习提高了未复习项目的回忆水平，达到了直接学习后观察到的水平，并从增强的回忆水平重新开始了时间依赖的遗忘。关键是，复习后的遗忘与学习后的遗忘无法区分，这表明复习引起了未复习项目的回忆重置。结果与复习重新激活学习期间的时间背景的观点一致，从而促进了未复习项目的回忆。特别是，这些发现表明，这种上下文更新反映了一种持久的影响，需要重新开始原始的时间依赖遗忘。结果与最近关于时间延迟选择性检索影响的类似发现进行了讨论。
