Tisano Breann, Zynda Aaron J, Ellis Henry B, Wilson Philip L
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Jun 13;10(6):23259671221102478. doi: 10.1177/23259671221102478. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Despite increasing participation rates in youth gymnastics, the majority of epidemiologic literature focuses on older elite athletes or stratifies athletes by level of competition.
The authors hypothesized that sex- and age-based patterns in youth gymnastics-related injuries exist, which are otherwise overlooked in an unstratified population.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Publicly available injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were collected on pediatric gymnastics injuries presenting to emergency departments in the United States. Participation data from the National Sporting Goods Association were used to calculate national injury incidence rates in 7- to 11-year-olds (childhood) and 12- to 17-year-olds (adolescence) from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. tests were conducted for the comparison of injury rates between girls and boys within each age group and for overall injury rate across age groups.
Girls participated in gymnastics at a frequency 6.5 times that of boys in childhood and 13.5 times that of boys in adolescence. An estimated 72,542 youth gymnastics-related injuries were reported in US emergency departments each year. A large proportion (61.3%) occurred in childhood, with female predominance in both age groups. Overall, there was no difference in weighted annual injury rate (injuries per 100,000 athlete-days per year) by age group (6.9 [childhood] vs 8.8 [adolescence]; = .19) or sex (7.4 [girls] vs 8.1 [boys]; = .65). In adolescence, boys were more likely than girls to experience injury (16.47 vs 8.2; = .003). Wrist and lower arm fractures were more common in childhood than adolescence (1.07 vs 0.43; = .002) and specifically in girls (childhood vs adolescence, 1.06 vs 0.37; = .001). Ankle injuries and concussions were more common in adolescence vs childhood ( = .01 and .0002).
Upper extremity injuries predominated among childhood gymnasts, particularly girls. In adolescence, girls and boys experienced increases in concussions and foot and ankle injuries. Although representing a lower overall number of training gymnasts as compared with girls, adolescent boys experience a higher rate of injuries overall.
尽管青少年体操运动的参与率不断提高，但大多数流行病学文献关注的是年龄较大的精英运动员，或按比赛水平对运动员进行分层。
作者假设青少年体操相关损伤存在基于性别和年龄的模式，而在未分层的人群中这些模式会被忽视。
描述性流行病学研究。
收集美国国家电子伤害监测系统公开的伤害数据，这些数据来自美国急诊科收治的儿童体操损伤病例。利用美国国家体育用品协会的参与数据，计算2012年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间7至11岁（儿童期）和12至17岁（青少年期）的全国伤害发生率。对各年龄组内女孩和男孩的伤害发生率以及各年龄组的总体伤害发生率进行比较测试。
在儿童期，女孩参加体操运动的频率是男孩的6.5倍；在青少年期，是男孩的13.5倍。美国急诊科每年报告约72542例与青少年体操相关的损伤。很大一部分（61.3%）发生在儿童期，两个年龄组均以女性为主。总体而言，按年龄组划分的加权年伤害发生率（每年每100000运动员日的伤害数）没有差异（儿童期为6.9，青少年期为8.8；P = 0.19），按性别划分也没有差异（女孩为7.4，男孩为8.1；P = 0.65）。在青少年期，男孩比女孩更容易受伤（16.47对8.2；P = 0.003）。手腕和下臂骨折在儿童期比青少年期更常见（1.07对0.43；P = 0.002），且在女孩中尤为明显（儿童期对青少年期，1.06对0.37；P = 0.001）。踝关节损伤和脑震荡在青少年期比儿童期更常见（P = 0.01和0.0002）。
儿童体操运动员中上肢损伤占主导，尤其是女孩。在青少年期，女孩和男孩的脑震荡以及足部和踝关节损伤有所增加。尽管与女孩相比，青少年男孩参加体操训练的总人数较少，但他们总体的受伤率较高。
