Thomas Roger Edmund, Thomas Bennett Charles
a Department of Family Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.
b Independent Researcher , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.
Phys Sportsmed. 2019 Feb;47(1):96-121. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1527646. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
To identify all studies of gymnastics injuries and assess injury rates, types, locations, and causes.
Seven electronic and two grey literature databases were searched. Two reviewers independently assessed titles/abstracts, abstracted data, and calculated average rates weighted by study size.
One study (n = 963) of three Olympic games (2008,2012,2016) provided injury rates for females of 86.4/1000gymnasts and males 79.9. For 29 databases one study of males (n = 64) provided a rate of 8.8 injuries/1000hours/AE (AE = athletic-exposure) and three of females varied rates (8.5, 9.4, and 91). Three studies for males (n = 153) provided a weighted average rate of 1.4 injuries/1000hours/training, and for females six studies (n = 476) 1.5 injuries. Four studies of males (n = 286) provided a weighted average of 678 injuries/1000gymnasts per year and eight studies of females (n = 1,764) a rate of 306. Of 19 surveys, eight provided rates for females (n = 1,463) of 596 injuries/gymnast per year and two for males (n = 40) a rate of 1,036. In the Olympics injuries were preponderately lower limb (63%) then trunk (23%) and upper limb (14%); injury type was sprains (35%) followed by tendinopathy/arthritis/impingements (17%), contusions (10%), and fractures (7%). Five database studies provided injury location data for 274 males: averages weighted by study size were upper extremity 42.8%, lower extremity 33.6%, torso/spine 11.8%, and head/neck 4.9% and 12 studies with 843 females provided average rates for lower extremity 51%, upper extremity 30.8%, torso/spine 13% and head/neck 0.8%. Official gymnastics organizations' websites provide no readily available data about injury rates or methods of prevention.
Studies need to collect comprehensive data for injury rates by training/competitions, gender, age, injury location/type/cause. Studies could assess whether trainers and physiotherapists monitoring gymnasts closely for injury risk would reduce injuries. Studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions in training, videotaping and performance feedback to reduce injury rates would be helpful.
识别所有关于体操损伤的研究，并评估损伤发生率、类型、部位及原因。
检索了7个电子数据库和2个灰色文献数据库。两名评审员独立评估标题/摘要、提取数据，并计算按研究规模加权的平均发生率。
一项针对三届奥运会（2008年、2012年、2016年）的研究（n = 963）提供了女性体操运动员86.4/1000的损伤发生率和男性79.9的损伤发生率。对于29个数据库，一项针对男性的研究（n = 64）提供了8.8例损伤/1000小时/运动暴露（AE）的发生率，三项针对女性的研究发生率各不相同（8.5、9.4和91）。三项针对男性的研究（n = 153）提供了1.4例损伤/1000小时/训练的加权平均发生率，针对女性的六项研究（n = 476）为1.5例损伤。四项针对男性的研究（n = 286）提供了每年678例损伤/1000名体操运动员的加权平均发生率，八项针对女性的研究（n = 1764）为306例。在19项调查中，八项提供了女性（n = 1463）每年596例损伤/体操运动员的发生率，两项针对男性（n = 40）的发生率为1036例。在奥运会上，损伤主要集中在下肢（63%），其次是躯干（23%）和上肢（14%）；损伤类型为扭伤（35%），其次是肌腱病/关节炎/撞击伤（17%）、挫伤（10%）和骨折（7%）。五项数据库研究提供了274名男性的损伤部位数据：按研究规模加权的平均值为上肢42.8%、下肢33.6%、躯干/脊柱11.8%、头部/颈部4.9%，12项针对843名女性的研究提供了下肢51%、上肢30.8%、躯干/脊柱13%和头部/颈部0.8%的平均发生率。官方体操组织的网站未提供关于损伤发生率或预防方法的现成数据。
研究需要收集按训练/比赛、性别、年龄、损伤部位/类型/原因分类的全面损伤发生率数据。研究可以评估密切监测体操运动员损伤风险的教练和物理治疗师是否会减少损伤。包括对训练干预、录像和表现反馈以降低损伤发生率的随机对照试验（RCT）的研究将有所帮助。
