Rocha Alan Douglas de Lima, Ferrari Rafaela Gomes, Pereira Walter Esfrain, de Lima Laiorayne Araújo, Givisiez Patrícia Emília Naves, Moreno-Switt Andrea Isabel, Toro Magaly, Delgado-Suárez Enrique Jesús, Meng Jianghong, de Oliveira Celso José Bruno
Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Avaliação de Produtos de Origem Animal (LAPOA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil.
Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Sociais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 2;13:802625. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.802625. eCollection 2022.
The increasing number of studies reporting the presence of in environmental water sources suggests that it is beyond incidental findings originated from sparse fecal contamination events. However, there is no consensus on the occurrence of as its relative serovar representation across non-recycled water sources. We conducted a meta-analysis of proportions by fitting a random-effects model using the restricted maximum-likelihood estimator to obtain the weighted average proportion and between-study variance associated with the occurrence of in water sources. Moreover, meta-regression and non-parametric supervised machine learning method were performed to predict the effect of moderators on the frequency of in non-recycled water sources. Three sequential steps (identification of information sources, screening and eligibility) were performed to obtain a preliminary selection from identified abstracts and article titles. Questions related to the frequency of in aquatic environments, as well as putative differences in the relative frequencies of the reported serovars and the role of potential variable moderators (sample source, country, and sample volume) were formulated according to the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome method (PICO). The results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes statement (PRISMA). A total of 26 eligible papers reporting 148 different serovars were retrieved. According to our model, the frequency in non-recycled water sources was 0.19 [CI: 0.14; 0.25]. The source of water was identified as the most import variable affecting the frequency of , estimated as 0.31 and 0.17% for surface and groundwater, respectively. There was a higher frequency of in countries with lower human development index (HDI). Small volume samples of surface water resulted in lower detectable frequencies both in high and low HDI regions. Relative frequencies of the 148 serovars were significantly affected only by HDI and volume. Considering that serovars representation can also be affected by water sample volume, efforts toward the standardization of water samplings for monitoring purposes should be considered. Further approaches such as metagenomics could provide more comprehensive insights about the microbial ecology of fresh water and its importance for the quality and safety of agricultural products.
越来越多的研究报告称环境水源中存在[具体物质未明确]，这表明其并非源于偶发的稀疏粪便污染事件的偶然发现。然而，对于[具体物质未明确]在非循环水源中的相对血清型表现的发生情况，尚未达成共识。我们通过使用限制最大似然估计器拟合随机效应模型进行比例的荟萃分析，以获得与水源中[具体物质未明确]发生相关的加权平均比例和研究间方差。此外，还进行了元回归和非参数监督机器学习方法，以预测调节因素对非循环水源中[具体物质未明确]频率的影响。执行了三个连续步骤（信息源识别、筛选和合格性评估），以便从已识别的摘要和文章标题中进行初步筛选。根据人群、干预、对照和结果方法（PICO），提出了与水生环境中[具体物质未明确]频率相关的问题，以及所报告的[具体物质未明确]血清型相对频率的假定差异和潜在可变调节因素（样本来源、国家和样本量）的作用。结果根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目声明（PRISMA）进行报告。共检索到26篇符合条件的论文，报告了148种不同的[具体物质未明确]血清型。根据我们的模型，非循环水源中[具体物质未明确]的频率为0.19[置信区间：0.14；0.25]。已确定水源是影响[具体物质未明确]频率的最重要变量，地表水和地下水的估计频率分别为0.31%和0.17%。在人类发展指数（HDI）较低的国家，[具体物质未明确]的频率较高。无论是在高HDI地区还是低HDI地区，小体积地表水样本导致可检测到的[具体物质未明确]频率较低。148种血清型的相对频率仅受HDI和样本量的显著影响。考虑到血清型表现也可能受水样体积影响，应考虑为监测目的而进行水样标准化的努力。诸如宏基因组学等进一步的方法可以提供关于淡水微生物生态学及其对农产品质量和安全重要性的更全面见解。
