The combined use of acetazolamide and in the prevention and treatment of altitude sickness.

BACKGROUND

Altitude sickness (AS), which is caused by rapid exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high elevations, poses a great threat to humans working and traveling in these conditions. Acute mountain sickness includes high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema. Acetazolamide (AZ) is often used to treat pulmonary edema caused by hypoxia. Additionally, the medicinal plant . () is often used to prevent AS in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. However, the mechanisms of action of and AZ in the treatment of AS remain unclear. To date, no research has been conducted to determine whether their combined use has better efficacy in the treatment and prevention of AS than their separate use.

METHODS

We used the method of network pharmacology to analyze the mechanisms of and AZ in combination in the prevention and treatment of AS, and also verified our results.

RESULTS

The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway, which is related to hypoxia, and other pathways related to pulmonary hypertension, became more enriched after the combined use of the 2 drugs. Additionally, and AZ regulated most nodes in the AS network. Further, compared to their separate use, the combined use of and AZ further downregulated the gene expression of HIF-1α and improved hemodynamics in rats, and thus helped the body to reduce its sensitivity to hypoxic environments and pulmonary artery pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence supporting the combined use of AZ and in the treatment of AS.