State University of New York-Brockport, Brockport, NY, USA.
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2023 May;76(5):1155-1176. doi: 10.1177/17470218221110827. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
The strength of an association between a cue and its outcome is influenced by both the probability of the outcome given the cue and the probability of the outcome in the absence of the cue. Once an association has been formed, extinction is the procedure for reducing responding indicative of the association by repeated presentation of the cue without the outcome. The present experiments tested whether cumulative frequency and/or cumulative duration of these events affects associative extinction in a streamed trial extinction procedure with human participants. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of parametric manipulations of the frequency and duration of either the cue by itself or cue-outcome co-absence. In Experiment 1, participants proved relatively insensitive to manipulation of the event's duration. In contrast, judgements of the association by participants decreased when the frequency of cue-alone events was increased, even when the durations of those events were decreased so that cumulative exposure to the cue was equated. No effect of either the duration or the frequency of cue-outcome co-absence was observed. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the effect of cue-alone (i.e., extinction trial) frequency generalises across a wide range of parameters for initial acquisition achieved by cue-outcome pairings. Experiment 3 tested for an interaction between event duration during initial learning and event duration during extinction. Collectively, these results indicate that the cumulative frequency, and not the cumulative duration, of extinction trials as well as the duration of the cue-outcome co-absences between extinction trials control the effectiveness of an extinction procedure.
给定线索时结果的概率，以及在没有线索时结果的概率。一旦形成了关联，消退就是通过反复呈现线索而不呈现结果来减少与该关联相关的反应的过程。本实验测试了在人类参与者的流媒体试验消退程序中，这些事件的累积频率和/或累积持续时间是否会影响联想消退。实验 1 评估了线索本身或线索-结果共同缺失的频率和持续时间的参数操纵的影响。在实验 1 中，参与者对事件持续时间的操纵相对不敏感。相比之下，当单独呈现线索的事件频率增加时，参与者对关联的判断会降低，即使那些事件的持续时间减少，以便使线索的累积暴露相等。未观察到线索-结果共同缺失的持续时间或频率的任何影响。实验 2 证明，即使在通过线索-结果配对获得的初始获得的广泛参数范围内，单独呈现线索（即消退试验）的频率也具有普遍性。实验 3 测试了初始学习期间的事件持续时间和消退期间的事件持续时间之间的相互作用。总的来说，这些结果表明，消退试验的累积频率，而不是累积持续时间，以及消退试验之间的线索-结果共同缺失的持续时间控制着消退程序的有效性。
