School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jun;23(6):1036-1046. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2085186. Epub 2022 Jun 19.
Previous studies reported that adolescents with a sport-related concussion history showed prolonged visuomotor deficits during an eye-hand decoupling task until around 1.5-2 years post-event. The present study expands this work, examining whether such deficits do or do not emerge when testing individuals in young adulthood, i.e. later post-event. Twenty-one non-athlete college students with sport-related concussion history from adolescence (CH; = 21 yrs.; = 46 months post-concussion, range 10-90 months) and twenty controls with no history of concussion (NoH; = 21 yrs.) performed two touchscreen-based visuomotor tasks. It included a coupled task where eyes and hand moved in similar directions, and decoupled-task with eyes and hand going to different directions. Movement planning (e.g. reaction time, initial direction error) and execution (e.g. movement time, path length) related variables were analyzed in both groups and conditions. Movement execution measures were similar for both groups and conditions (all > 0.05). However, movement planning was impaired in the CH participants in the eye-hand decoupling condition ( < 0.05). CH's initial direction error was larger (i.e. worse spatial movement planning) than in the NoH group. Although movement execution deficits shown in earlier work in youth were not present in young adults, the present results suggest that a sport-related concussion sustained in adolescence can lead to prolonged deficits with spatial movement planning processes while performing eye-hand decoupling tasks about four years post-injury. Further research should investigate whether these deficits continue into adulthood and expand control on time since concussion and number of concussion metrics. Young adult college students with a history of a sport-related concussion from adolescence, tested about four years post-incident, showed spatial movement preparation deficits during an eye-hand decoupling visuomotor task.Eye-hand reversal decoupling errors also correlated with time since concussion in those with concussion history.These prolonged eye-hand decoupling deficits may emerge with ongoing time post-event, as comparable deficits were absent in previous work where youth were tested sooner post-injury.Our current findings point towards long-lasting performance impairments in young adult non-athletes after a sport-related concussion from adolescence.
先前的研究报告表明，有运动相关性脑震荡病史的青少年在进行眼手解耦任务时表现出视觉运动缺陷，持续时间约为事件发生后 1.5-2 年。本研究扩展了这一工作，检查在成年早期（即事件发生后较晚阶段）测试个体时是否会出现这种缺陷。21 名有运动相关性脑震荡病史的非运动员大学生（CH；21 岁； = 46 个月，范围 10-90 个月）和 20 名无脑震荡病史的对照组（NoH；21 岁）进行了两项基于触摸屏的视觉运动任务。这包括一个眼睛和手朝相似方向移动的耦合任务，以及一个眼睛和手朝不同方向移动的解耦任务。在两组和两种条件下，分析了运动规划（例如反应时间、初始方向误差）和执行（例如运动时间、路径长度）相关变量。在两组和两种条件下，运动执行测量值相似（所有 > 0.05）。然而，在眼手解耦条件下，CH 参与者的运动规划受损（ < 0.05）。CH 的初始方向误差大于（即空间运动规划较差）NoH 组。虽然在青少年时期进行的早期研究中未出现运动执行缺陷，但本研究结果表明，青少年时期发生的运动相关性脑震荡可能导致空间运动规划过程中持续存在缺陷，而在受伤后大约四年进行眼手解耦任务时。进一步的研究应该调查这些缺陷是否会持续到成年期，并扩大对脑震荡时间和脑震荡次数的控制。有青少年时期运动相关性脑震荡病史的年轻成年大学生，在事件发生后大约四年进行测试，在眼手解耦视觉运动任务中表现出空间运动准备缺陷。有脑震荡病史的参与者的眼手反转解耦误差也与脑震荡时间相关。这些持续的眼手解耦缺陷可能会随着时间的推移而出现，因为在早期研究中，青少年在受伤后不久接受测试时没有出现类似的缺陷。我们目前的研究结果表明，青少年时期发生运动相关性脑震荡后，年轻成年非运动员的表现会持续受损。
