School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 19;74(8):1061-1084. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgac040.
Croton tiglium Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is an ancient medicinal plant that has been used for a long time, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. And it is widely used for defecation, induced labour, treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, headache, as well as rheumatoid arthritis.
Approximately 150 compounds have been isolated and identified from the seeds, stems, leaves and branches of C. tiglium, including fatty acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, the plants proteins and other types of components. Based on a wide range of biological properties, C. tiglium has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, anti-HIV, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
The review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of C. tiglium, with a vision for promoting further pharmaceutical research to explore its complete potential for better clinical application. The tigliane diterpenoids have been the most studied compounds isolated from C. tiglium, which showing a variety of biological activities, but there is insufficient evidence to explain the mechanism of action. In addition, C. tiglium may have potential toxic effects, and it is necessary to reduce the toxic effects to ensure the safety of clinical medication, which may promote the discovery and development of new drugs.
巴豆（大戟科）是一种古老的药用植物，已被长期使用，广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。它被广泛用于通便、引产、治疗胃肠道疾病、头痛以及类风湿性关节炎。
从巴豆的种子、茎、叶和枝中已经分离和鉴定出约 150 种化合物，包括脂肪酸、萜类、生物碱、植物蛋白和其他类型的成分。基于广泛的生物特性，巴豆具有广泛的药理作用，如抗肿瘤、抗 HIV、镇痛、抗炎和抗菌作用。
本综述旨在对巴豆的植物学、植物化学、药理学和毒理学进行批判性和全面的评价，以期促进进一步的药物研究，以挖掘其全部潜力，从而更好地应用于临床。从巴豆中分离出的最具研究价值的化合物是丁香烷二萜类化合物，具有多种生物活性，但尚不足以解释其作用机制。此外，巴豆可能具有潜在的毒性作用，需要降低毒性作用以确保临床用药的安全性，这可能会促进新药的发现和开发。
