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In recent years, there has been a noticeable drop in mortality rates from cancer, although cancer remains the primary cause of death in France and in the province of Québec. Several factors contribute to this reduction in mortality rates.First, better cancer screening is provided, and better follow ups are offered when abnormalities are detected. Second, cancer treatments benefit from ongoing developments which provide new treatments and more efficient measures to fight this illness. Last, we must also credit promotional campaigns to adopt healthy habits and lifestyles, particularly the fight against smoking.However, cancer strikes preferentially in some subgroups. In particular, cancer rates are higher and cancer-screening rates are lower in some subgroups, increasing disparities amongst subgroups of the same population. It seems that an insufficient level of literacy could be a factor explaining these discrepancies.This article presents a brief definition of the concept of literacy in general, followed by a definition of health-literacy behaviors and competencies. Then, we will present some data from research and from literature reviews on the potential linkages between literacy and cancer in general, and specific cancers in particular. We will conclude by considering a path to literacy in cancer screening.