Castellucci V F, Frost W N, Goelet P, Montarolo P G, Schacher S, Morgan J A, Blumenfeld H, Kandel E R
J Physiol (Paris). 1986;81(4):349-57.
We have found that one cellular locus for the storage of the memory underlying short-term sensitization of the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia is the set of monosynaptic connections between the siphon sensory cells and the gill and siphon motor neurons. These connections also participate in the storage of memory underlying long-term sensitization. In animals that have undergone long-term sensitization, the amplitudes of the monosynaptic connections are significantly larger (2.2x) than the ones in control animals. To study the mechanisms of onset and retention of long-term synaptic facilitation that underly long-term sensitization and the role of protein synthesis in long-term memory, we have developed two types of reduced preparations: the intact reflex isolated from the remainder of the animal, and a dissociated cell culture system in which the monosynaptic component (sensory neurons and motor neurons) of the neuronal circuit mediating the withdrawal reflex is reconstituted. We found that protein synthesis inhibitors, such as anisomycin or emetine, and RNA synthesis inhibitors, such as actinomycin D or alpha-amanitin, blocked long-term facilitation without interfering with short-term facilitation. These results suggest that the acquisition of long-term memory may require the expression of genes and the synthesis of proteins not needed for short-term memory.
我们发现，海兔鳃和虹吸管收缩反射短期敏感化背后记忆存储的一个细胞位点，是虹吸管感觉细胞与鳃和虹吸管运动神经元之间的单突触连接集合。这些连接也参与长期敏感化背后记忆的存储。在经历长期敏感化的动物中，单突触连接的幅度比对照动物的显著更大（2.2倍）。为了研究作为长期敏感化基础的长期突触易化的起始和维持机制以及蛋白质合成在长期记忆中的作用，我们开发了两种简化的标本：从动物其余部分分离出的完整反射，以及一种解离细胞培养系统，其中介导收缩反射的神经回路的单突触成分（感觉神经元和运动神经元）得以重建。我们发现，蛋白质合成抑制剂，如茴香霉素或吐根碱，以及RNA合成抑制剂，如放线菌素D或α-鹅膏蕈碱，会阻断长期易化，而不干扰短期易化。这些结果表明，长期记忆的形成可能需要基因表达和短期记忆不需要的蛋白质合成。
