Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Environ Res. 2022 Oct;213:113711. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113711. Epub 2022 Jun 18.
The use of vegetal species for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) biosynthesis can constitute an alternative to replacing the extensive use of several hazardous chemicals commonly used during NPs synthesis and, therefore, can reduce biological impacts induced by the release of these products into the natural environment. However, the "green nanoparticles" and/or "eco-friendly nanoparticles" label does not ensure that biosynthesized NPs are harmless to non-target organisms. Thus, we aimed to synthesize AuNPs from seaweed Gracilaria crassa aqueous extract through an eco-friendly, fast, one-pot synthetic route. The formation of spherical, stable, polycrystalline NPs with a diameter of 32.0 nm ± 4.0 nm (mean ±SEM) was demonstrated by UV-vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction measurement, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. In addition, different phytocomponents were identified in the biosynthesized AuNPs, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). However, both G. crassa aqueous extract and the biosynthesized AuNPs showed high ecotoxicity in Anopheles stephensi larvae exposed to different concentrations. Therefore, our study supports the potential of seaweed G. crassa as a raw material source for AuNPs biosynthesis while also shedding light on its ecotoxicological potential, which necessitates consideration of its risk to aquatic biota.
利用植物物种合成金纳米粒子（AuNPs）可以替代广泛使用的几种危险化学品，这些化学品通常用于 NPs 合成，因此可以减少这些产品释放到自然环境中所引起的生物影响。然而，“绿色纳米粒子”和/或“环保纳米粒子”标签并不能保证生物合成的 NPs 对非目标生物无害。因此，我们旨在通过一种环保、快速、一锅合成方法，从海藻石莼（Gracilaria crassa）水提物中合成 AuNPs。通过紫外可见光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜和高分辨率透射电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线和 X 射线衍射测量以及傅里叶变换红外光谱分析，证明了球形、稳定、多晶纳米粒子的形成，其直径为 32.0nm±4.0nm（平均值±SEM）。此外，使用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）鉴定了生物合成的 AuNPs 中的不同植物成分。然而，石莼水提物和生物合成的 AuNPs 在不同浓度下对疟蚊幼虫表现出很高的生态毒性。因此，我们的研究支持海藻石莼作为 AuNPs 生物合成的原材料来源的潜力，同时也揭示了其生态毒性潜力，这需要考虑其对水生生物群的风险。
