Chaiken B P, Williams N M, Preblud S R, Parkin W, Altman R
JAMA. 1987 May 8;257(18):2455-8.
Sixty-three cases of clinical mumps occurring in a New Jersey school district presented an opportunity to determine compliance with the state's 1978 mumps "new entrants" school immunization law, investigate the effect of the law on the pattern of the outbreak, estimate the efficacy of mumps vaccine, and quantitate the economic impact of the outbreak. Only students in kindergarten (K) through grade 5 would have been affected by the immunization law. Students in the sixth grade were nearly seven times more likely to develop mumps than students in grades K through 5. The observed differences between the sixth graders and those in grades K through 5 most likely reflect the fact that sixth graders were not covered by the school law. Vaccine efficacy was estimated to be 91% (95% confidence interval = 77% to 93%). The total direct cost of the outbreak was $10,937 (clinic costs plus total cost to households). This outbreak demonstrates the significant impact of appropriate school vaccination laws on limiting the morbidity and economic and social costs of mumps.
新泽西州一个学区出现了63例临床腮腺炎病例，这为确定该州1978年腮腺炎“新生入学”学校免疫法的执行情况、调查该法律对疫情模式的影响、评估腮腺炎疫苗的效力以及量化疫情的经济影响提供了机会。只有幼儿园（K）到5年级的学生才会受到免疫法的影响。六年级学生患腮腺炎的可能性几乎是K到5年级学生的七倍。六年级学生与K到5年级学生之间观察到的差异很可能反映了六年级学生不受学校法律覆盖这一事实。疫苗效力估计为91%（95%置信区间 = 77%至93%）。疫情的总直接成本为10,937美元（诊所成本加上家庭总成本）。这次疫情表明，适当的学校疫苗接种法律对限制腮腺炎的发病率以及经济和社会成本具有重大影响。
