Zimmermann H, Matter H C, Kiener T
Bundesamt für Gesundheitswesen, Abteilung Epidemiologie und Infektionskrankheiten, Bern.
Soz Praventivmed. 1995;40(2):80-92. doi: 10.1007/BF01360322.
Since 1990, there have been reports of an increasing number of mumps cases in Switzerland, in particular among vaccinated children, and of local outbreaks of mumps. Using data from the Sentinella reporting system, a network of voluntary participating doctors (general practitioners, internists and paediatricians, yearly average: n = 141), trends and factors influencing mumps incidence in the general population were assessed during the last seven years. Following an initial decline in mumps reports, since 1990, there has been a continuous and marked increase in reports from a minimum of 0.7 cases per physician and year in 1989/90 to a near five-fold increase of 3.3 cases in the last reporting period from June-December 1993 (calculated for one year). Half of this increase, which is reflected in a doubling of the number of cases reported in 1986/87, is explained by an increase in cases among vaccinated children. The trend in mumps cases contrasts with that of measles and rubella, where there has been a clear decline in these reports since 1986 (approximately 70-80%). Complications were reported in 75 (4.0%) of the total number of mumps patients (n = 1894); in 2/5 of the cases this was a meningitis, in 1/3 an orchitis. Based on available data on vaccination coverage, the estimated efficacy of the mumps vaccines against parotitis is between 47-77%; this is clearly lower than the corresponding figure for measles (91-97%) and rubella (89-97%) vaccines. The relatively low efficacy against parotitis is mainly due to a protective level of 13-73% of the vaccines containing the Rubini strain. The estimated efficacy of the Rubini vaccines against complications is 50-81%; it is nearly 60-90% if a possible reporting bias is taken into consideration.
自1990年以来，瑞士报告的腮腺炎病例数量不断增加，尤其是在接种疫苗的儿童中，并且出现了腮腺炎的局部暴发。利用哨兵报告系统的数据，该系统由自愿参与的医生网络（全科医生、内科医生和儿科医生，年平均人数：n = 141）组成，对过去七年中影响普通人群腮腺炎发病率的趋势和因素进行了评估。在腮腺炎报告最初下降之后，自1990年以来，报告数量持续显著增加，从1989/90年每位医生每年最少0.7例增加到1993年6月至12月最后报告期的3.3例，几乎增加了五倍（按一年计算）。这种增加的一半，反映在1986/87年报告病例数翻倍，是由接种疫苗儿童中的病例增加所解释的。腮腺炎病例的趋势与麻疹和风疹相反，自1986年以来，这些疾病的报告明显下降（约70 - 80%）。在腮腺炎患者总数（n = 1894）中，有75例（4.0%）报告了并发症；其中五分之二的病例是脑膜炎，三分之一是睾丸炎。根据现有的疫苗接种覆盖率数据，腮腺炎疫苗对腮腺炎的估计效力在47 - 77%之间；这明显低于麻疹疫苗（91 - 97%）和风疹疫苗（89 - 97%）的相应数字。对腮腺炎相对较低的效力主要是由于含有鲁宾尼株的疫苗的保护水平为13 - 73%。鲁宾尼疫苗对并发症的估计效力为50 - 81%；如果考虑到可能的报告偏差，这一数字接近6 — 90%。
