Shahid Noor Ul Ain, Naguit Noreen, Jakkoju Rakesh, Laeeq Sadia, Reghefaoui Tiba, Zahoor Hafsa, Yook Ji Hyun, Rizwan Muneeba, Mohammed Lubna
Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cureus. 2022 May 17;14(5):e25083. doi: 10.7759/cureus.25083. eCollection 2022 May.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infectious disease that is present all around the world. This insidious disease needs drastic measures for its eradication. One of the actions contributing to it is the timely diagnosis and offering suitable treatment options for latent tuberculosis patients. In this review, we will discuss and compare the variety of options available for this purpose. We searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to find articles regarding the effectiveness, safety, and completion of any of the five regimens available for latent tuberculosis infection. These options are the most classic and standard nine months of isoniazid given daily, which is now more commonly given as six months course, three months of daily isoniazid and rifampin, three months of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine, and four months of daily rifampin. We looked into free full-text studies published from 2011 to 2021 available in English language and human studies. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and removing duplicates and screening, 34 articles were shortlisted for quality assessment check, after which we finalized nine studies. Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was used for quality check of randomized control trials, New-Castle Ottawa tool for observational studies, and assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) tool for systematic reviews. Efficacy was checked by tracking down the new cases of TB in the sample population that took the treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. New rifamycin-based regimens were almost equal in effectiveness to isoniazid regimens. The side effect profile is different for both regimens, but short-duration courses tend to have a higher chance of completion.
结核病（TB）是一种全球普遍存在的常见传染病。这种隐匿性疾病需要采取严厉措施来根除。其中一项有助于根除结核病的行动是及时诊断并为潜伏性结核病患者提供合适的治疗方案。在本综述中，我们将讨论并比较为此目的可用的各种方案。我们检索了PubMed/Medline、Cochrane图书馆、谷歌学术和科学Direct，以查找有关潜伏性结核感染可用的五种方案中任何一种的有效性、安全性和完成情况的文章。这些方案包括最经典和标准的每日服用异烟肼九个月，现在更常采用六个月疗程；每日服用异烟肼和利福平三个月；每周服用异烟肼和利福喷丁三个月；以及每日服用利福平四个月。我们查阅了2011年至2021年以英文发表的免费全文研究以及人体研究。在应用纳入/排除标准、去除重复项并进行筛选后，34篇文章被列入质量评估检查，之后我们最终确定了9项研究。Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具用于随机对照试验的质量检查，纽卡斯尔渥太华工具用于观察性研究，多系统评价评估（AMSTAR）工具用于系统评价。通过追踪接受潜伏性结核感染治疗的样本人群中结核病的新病例来检查疗效。基于利福霉素的新方案在有效性方面几乎与异烟肼方案相当。两种方案的副作用情况不同，但短疗程方案的完成几率往往更高。
