Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
Cells. 2022 Jun 9;11(12):1882. doi: 10.3390/cells11121882.
The change from viewing noncoding RNA as "junk" in the genome to seeing it as a critical epigenetic regulator in almost every human condition or disease has forced a paradigm shift in biomedical and clinical research. Small and long noncoding RNA transcripts are now routinely evaluated as putative diagnostic or therapeutic agents. A prominent role for noncoding microRNAs in the central nervous system has uncovered promising new clinical candidates for dementia-related disorders, treatments for which currently remain elusive even as the percentage of diagnosed patients increases significantly. Cognitive decline is a core neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, Huntington's Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and a significant portion of Parkinson's Disease patients. This review will discuss the microRNA-associated networks which influence these pathologies, including inflammatory and viral-mediated pathways (such as the novel COVID-19), and their current status in clinical trials.
从将非编码 RNA 视为基因组中的“垃圾”到将其视为几乎所有人类疾病或病症中重要的表观遗传调节剂的转变，迫使生物医学和临床研究发生了范式转变。现在，人们通常将小和长非编码 RNA 转录本评估为潜在的诊断或治疗药物。非编码 microRNA 在中枢神经系统中的突出作用揭示了痴呆相关疾病有希望的新临床候选药物，尽管诊断出的患者比例显著增加，但目前仍难以治疗。认知能力下降是阿尔茨海默病、额颞叶痴呆、路易体痴呆、血管性痴呆、亨廷顿病、克雅氏病和帕金森病患者的核心神经退行性过程。这篇综述将讨论影响这些病理的 microRNA 相关网络，包括炎症和病毒介导的途径（如新型 COVID-19），以及它们在临床试验中的现状。
