Gilazieva Zarema, Ponomarev Aleksei, Rizvanov Albert, Solovyeva Valeriya
Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
Biology (Basel). 2022 May 25;11(6):813. doi: 10.3390/biology11060813.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play an important role in tumor progression. MSCs remodel the extracellular matrix, participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, promote the spread of metastases, and inhibit antitumor immune responses in the TME; however, there are also data pertaining to the antitumor effects of MSCs. MSCs activate the cell death mechanism by modulating the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, angiogenesis receptors, and proapoptotic proteins. One of the main ways in which MSCs and TME interact is through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. Currently, data on the effects of both MSCs and their EVs on tumor cells are rather contradictory. Various studies have reported that EVs from MSCs can have either antitumor or pro-tumor effects, depending on both the tumor type and developmental stage. In this review, we discuss published data on EV MSCs and their effect on tumor cells. The molecular composition of vesicles obtained from MSCs is also presented in the review. In addition, the use of EV MSCs for the development of new methods for treating oncological diseases is described.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是肿瘤微环境（TME）的主要组成部分，在肿瘤进展中发挥重要作用。MSCs重塑细胞外基质，参与上皮-间质转化，促进转移扩散，并在TME中抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应；然而，也有关于MSCs抗肿瘤作用的数据。MSCs通过调节参与细胞周期调控、血管生成受体和促凋亡蛋白的表达来激活细胞死亡机制。MSCs与TME相互作用的主要方式之一是细胞产生细胞外囊泡（EVs）。目前，关于MSCs及其EVs对肿瘤细胞影响的数据相当矛盾。各种研究报告称，MSCs来源的EVs根据肿瘤类型和发育阶段的不同，可能具有抗肿瘤或促肿瘤作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于MSCs来源的EVs及其对肿瘤细胞影响的已发表数据。综述中还介绍了从MSCs获得的囊泡的分子组成。此外，还描述了利用MSCs来源的EVs开发治疗肿瘤疾病新方法的情况。
