Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Geoengineering, Institute of Spatial Management and Geography, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Land Management and Geographic Information Systems, Faculty of Geoengineering, Institute of Spatial Management and Geography, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 10;19(12):7128. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127128.
Childhood is considered to be the most vital period for mental, physical, and social development. Even short-term deprivation of nutrition, health care, education, and affection in childhood can have long-term and irreversible negative consequences. Various social assistance programs are being launched around the world to eliminate or alleviate social problems, including those experienced by children in their immediate environment. Different solutions have been proposed around the world, but welfare systems in all countries share the following common features: social assistance is necessary and underfinanced, and social workers struggle to cope with caseloads. As a result, welfare work is stressful and not highly effective. In this study, modern Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for supporting the employees of social assistance centers (SACs) have been proposed. The data relating to welfare beneficiaries were analyzed by nonparametric kernel density estimation and divided into five datasets. The kernel density tool in ArcGIS Pro software (Esri Polska sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland) was used to visualize areas with a relatively high prevalence of social problems, as well as areas where the neighborhood can deliver synergistic effects. A multicriteria analysis (MCA) procedure for mapping social problems was proposed, and an algorithm was developed in the GIS environment. The generated maps deliver helpful information for supporting SAC employees, as well as monitoring, planning, and initiating preventive measures. Above all, the presented method was designed to improve living conditions by facilitating the management of welfare workers' duties. Therefore, the proposed approach had to be effective and easy to use without an advanced knowledge of GIS tools.
儿童期被认为是心理、身体和社会发展的最关键时期。即使是儿童期短暂的营养、医疗保健、教育和情感剥夺，也会产生长期和不可逆转的负面影响。世界各地正在推出各种社会援助计划，以消除或减轻社会问题，包括儿童在其直接环境中所经历的问题。世界各地提出了不同的解决方案，但所有国家的福利制度都具有以下共同特征：社会援助是必要的，但资金不足，社会工作者努力应对工作量。因此，福利工作压力大，效果不佳。在这项研究中，提出了用于支持社会援助中心（SAC）员工的现代地理信息系统（GIS）工具。使用非参数核密度估计分析了与福利受益人的数据，并将其分为五个数据集。使用 ArcGIS Pro 软件（Esri Polska sp. z o.o.，华沙，波兰）中的核密度工具来可视化具有相对较高社会问题发生率的区域，以及邻里可以产生协同效应的区域。提出了一种用于映射社会问题的多标准分析（MCA）程序，并在 GIS 环境中开发了一种算法。生成的地图为支持 SAC 员工以及监测、规划和启动预防措施提供了有用的信息。最重要的是，提出的方法旨在通过促进福利工作者职责的管理来改善生活条件。因此，所提出的方法必须是有效的，并且易于使用，而无需对 GIS 工具有深入的了解。
