Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-592, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 13;19(12):7243. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127243.
Although research on the effect of color in taekwondo has involved several international competitions, no previous study has investigated the presence of this phenomenon in national-level competitions. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the color protectors and success in 1155 taekwondo matches of the Italian and Uzbekistan Senior Championships (ITA-SC and UZB-SC) (2019 and 2021). The results showed no relationship between the color protectors and the match outcome, in both ITA-SC and UZB-SC ( = 0.71, = 0.01; = 0.61, = 0.02). Moreover, no relationship emerged between the color protectors and the match outcome in the four editions of the SC. Stratifying analyses by weight category and sex, males showed positive relationships between the color blue/red and winning the match in 3 and 1 of 16 weight categories, respectively. Contrary, females showed positive relationships between the color blue/red and winning the match in 1 and 3 of 16 weight categories, respectively. Analyzing the two national contexts found that, in both the Italian and Uzbek contexts, matches in 2 and 2 of 16 weight categories were won by athletes wearing blue and red protectors, respectively. Significant relationships emerged between the color blue and winning the match with small asymmetry in the men's UZB-SC and between the color red and winning the match with large asymmetry in the female ITA-SC. The implementation of the electronic point recording system for the body and head has had a positive impact on fairness in national taekwondo competitions, did not detect any effect of color related to cultural context, and did not allow for the color red to tip the scales between losing and winning in matches between athletes of similar ability and strength.
尽管关于跆拳道颜色影响的研究已经涉及到几项国际比赛，但之前没有研究调查过这种现象在国家级比赛中的存在。本研究的主要目的是分析意大利和乌兹别克斯坦高级锦标赛（ITA-SC 和 UZB-SC）（2019 年和 2021 年）中 1155 场跆拳道比赛中护具颜色与比赛结果之间的关系。结果显示，在 ITA-SC 和 UZB-SC 中，护具颜色与比赛结果之间没有关系（ = 0.71， = 0.01； = 0.61， = 0.02）。此外，在 SC 的四个版本中，护具颜色与比赛结果之间也没有关系。按体重级别和性别进行分层分析，男性在 3 个和 16 个体重级别中的 1 个中表现出蓝色/红色护具与赢得比赛之间的正相关关系。相反，女性在 16 个体重级别中的 1 个和 3 个中表现出蓝色/红色护具与赢得比赛之间的正相关关系。分析这两个国家的情况发现，在意大利和乌兹别克斯坦这两个国家的背景下，分别有 2 个和 2 个体重级别中的比赛是由穿蓝色和红色护具的运动员赢得的。在乌兹别克斯坦男子高级锦标赛中，蓝色与赢得比赛之间存在显著关系，且存在较小的不对称性，而在意大利女子高级锦标赛中，红色与赢得比赛之间存在较大的不对称性。电子记分系统对身体和头部的实施对国家跆拳道比赛的公平性产生了积极影响，没有发现与文化背景相关的颜色影响，也不允许红色在运动员能力和实力相近的比赛中决定胜负。
