Gravia Anastasia Panagiota, Vastardis Heleni, Tsolakis Apostolos I, Doulgeraki Artemis
Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 14561 Athens, Greece.
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2025 May 28;12(6):691. doi: 10.3390/children12060691.
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder, characterized by reduced bone mass and abnormal bone microarchitecture, resulting in increased bone fragility and a heightened risk of low-energy fractures. Pediatric osteoporosis may be either primary, due to genetic factors, or secondary, arising from chronic diseases and/or their treatment. Oral health and proper occlusion are integral components of overall health, influencing functionality, nutrition, facial aesthetics, and psychosocial development during childhood. Severe malocclusion can adversely affect speech, mastication, appearance, psychological well-being, and social interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the existing literature on orthodontic anomalies and management strategies in pediatric patients with osteoporosis while highlighting clinical challenges, treatment limitations, and areas necessitating further research. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, focusing on studies involving human subjects aged 3 to 18 years, published in English between 2002 and 2024. The findings indicate that children with osteoporosis present with more severe dental and occlusal complications compared to their healthy peers, often facing increased orthodontic complexity due to skeletal fragility and systemic comorbidities. These challenges necessitate careful, individualized treatment planning and close multidisciplinary collaboration. Although research in this field remains limited due to the rarity of pediatric osteoporosis, recognizing and addressing the specific needs of this population is critical to improving clinical outcomes and guiding future therapeutic approaches.
骨质疏松症是最常见的代谢性骨病，其特征是骨量减少和骨微结构异常，导致骨脆性增加和低能量骨折风险升高。儿童骨质疏松症可能是原发性的，由遗传因素引起，也可能是继发性的，由慢性疾病和/或其治疗导致。口腔健康和正常咬合是整体健康的重要组成部分，影响儿童时期的功能、营养、面部美观以及心理社会发展。严重的错牙合畸形会对言语、咀嚼、外貌、心理健康和社交互动产生不利影响。本叙述性综述的目的是研究关于骨质疏松症儿童患者正畸异常及管理策略的现有文献，同时强调临床挑战、治疗局限性以及需要进一步研究的领域。在PubMed数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，重点关注2002年至2024年期间以英文发表的、涉及3至18岁人类受试者的研究。研究结果表明，与健康同龄人相比，骨质疏松症儿童存在更严重的牙齿和咬合并发症，由于骨骼脆弱和全身合并症，他们常常面临正畸复杂性增加的问题。这些挑战需要仔细的、个性化的治疗计划以及密切的多学科协作。尽管由于儿童骨质疏松症的罕见性，该领域的研究仍然有限，但认识并满足这一人群的特殊需求对于改善临床结果和指导未来治疗方法至关重要。
