Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 18;19(12):7483. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127483.
The deterioration of physical and cognitive functioning in the elderly is an impairment to their independent self-management and to improving their ability to perform daily functions. Nurses should support the elderly to experience a healthy and a successful aging process by preventing dependence on daily functioning and understanding the care assistance that such persons need. This study aimed to gain insight into the evidence on the effectiveness of multicomponent intervention on the activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among the community-dwelling elderly without cognitive impairment. The design is a systematic review of a randomized controlled trial. The language of the published literature was English, and the search period was from January 2000 to December 2020. Articles were included under the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) framework for: (a) community-dwelling elderly without cognitive impairment; (b) multicomponent intervention; (c) comparison group who did not receive the intervention; and (d) measurement of the effect of ADL and IADL. A total of 4413 references were found, 6 studies were included. Most studies (n = 5) reported that the multicomponent intervention exerted a beneficial effect on ADL and IADL. Only one study showed the highest methodology and reporting quality in the Cochrane review. Common components of the programs included: occupational therapy, physical therapy, exercise, memory training, cognitive-behavioral therapy, interdisciplinary intervention, and cognitive training. Multicomponent intervention may be a beneficial way to improve dependence on ADL and IADL as an important area of functional evaluation in the elderly. Considering the physical condition of the elderly, multicomponent interventions, including physical activity, exercise, occupational therapy, and especially individually customized coaching related to ADL and IADL training, may be useful.
老年人身体和认知功能的恶化会损害他们的自理能力,影响他们日常功能的发挥。护士应通过预防对日常功能的依赖以及了解此类人员所需的护理援助,支持老年人健康且成功地衰老。本研究旨在深入了解针对无认知障碍的社区居住老年人日常生活活动(ADL)和工具性日常生活活动(IADL)的多组分干预措施的有效性证据。设计是对随机对照试验的系统评价。已发表文献的语言为英语,检索期为 2000 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月。文章符合以下 PICO(人群、干预、比较和结果)框架标准:(a)无认知障碍的社区居住老年人;(b)多组分干预;(c)未接受干预的对照组;(d)ADL 和 IADL 效果的测量。共发现 4413 篇参考文献,纳入 6 项研究。大多数研究(n=5)报告称,多组分干预对 ADL 和 IADL 具有有益影响。只有一项研究在 Cochrane 综述中表现出最高的方法学和报告质量。方案的常见组成部分包括:职业治疗、物理治疗、运动、记忆训练、认知行为疗法、跨学科干预和认知训练。多组分干预可能是改善对 ADL 和 IADL 的依赖的有益方法,ADL 和 IADL 是老年人功能评估的重要领域。考虑到老年人的身体状况,包括身体活动、运动、职业治疗,尤其是与 ADL 和 IADL 训练相关的个性化定制辅导在内的多组分干预可能会很有用。
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