Characterization of Phages YuuY, KaiHaiDragon, and OneinaGillian Isolated from .

is a Gram-positive bacteria found in organic matter. Three lytic bacteriophages, KaiHaiDragon, OneinaGillian, and YuuY, were isolated from strain NRRL B-24224. Phage YuuY in particular expresses a broad host range as it possesses the ability to infect closely related bacterial species at a high plating efficiency. Characterization tests were performed on all three phage to assess morphology, genomic characteristics, pH and thermal stabilities, life cycle, and the type of receptor used for infection. All three phages showed similar pH stability, ranging from pH 5-11, except for KaiHaiDragon, which had a reduced infection effectiveness at a pH of 11. YuuY possessed a significantly higher temperature tolerance compared to the other phages as some phage particles remained viable after incubation temperatures of up to 80 °C. Based on the one-step growth curve assay, all three phages possessed a relatively short latent period of 90 min and an approximately two-fold burst size factor. Moreover, all three phages utilize a carbohydrate receptor to initiate infection. Based on bioinformatics analysis, YuuY, KaiHaiDragon and OneinaGillian were assigned to clusters EA10, EC, and EG, respectively.