Willett W C, Stampfer M J, Colditz G A, Rosner B A, Hennekens C H, Speizer F E
N Engl J Med. 1987 May 7;316(19):1174-80. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198705073161902.
In 1980, 89,538 U.S. women 34 to 59 years of age, with no history of cancer, completed an independently validated dietary questionnaire that included the use of beer, wine, and liquor. During the ensuring four years, 601 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed among cohort members. Among the women consuming 5 to 14 g of alcohol daily (about three to nine drinks per week), the age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer was 1.3 (95 percent confidence limits, 1.1 and 1.7). Consumption of 15 g of alcohol or more per day was associated with a relative risk of 1.6 (95 percent confidence limits, 1.3 and 2.0; Mantel extension chi for linear trend = +4.2; P less than 0.0001). Adjustment for known breast cancer risk factors and a variety of nutritional variables did not materially alter this relation. Significant associations were observed for beer and liquor when considered separately. Among women without risk factors for breast cancer who were under 55 years of age, the relative risk associated with consumption of 15 g of alcohol or more per day was 2.5 (95 percent confidence limits, 1.5 and 4.2). These prospective data derived from measurements of alcohol intake recorded before the diagnosis of breast cancer confirm the findings of several previous case-control studies. Viewed collectively, they suggest that alcohol intake may contribute to the risk of breast cancer.
1980年，89538名年龄在34至59岁之间、无癌症病史的美国女性完成了一份经独立验证的饮食调查问卷，该问卷包括啤酒、葡萄酒和烈酒的饮用情况。在随后的四年中，队列成员中诊断出601例乳腺癌病例。在每天摄入5至14克酒精（约每周三至九杯）的女性中，年龄调整后的乳腺癌相对风险为1.3（95%置信区间为1.1和1.7）。每天摄入15克或更多酒精与相对风险1.6相关（95%置信区间为1.3和2.0；线性趋势的Mantel扩展卡方检验=+4.2；P小于0.0001）。对已知的乳腺癌风险因素和各种营养变量进行调整并没有实质性改变这种关系。分别考虑啤酒和烈酒时观察到显著关联。在55岁以下无乳腺癌风险因素的女性中，每天摄入15克或更多酒精的相对风险为2.5（95%置信区间为1.5和4.2）。这些来自乳腺癌诊断前记录的酒精摄入量测量的前瞻性数据证实了先前几项病例对照研究的结果。综合来看，它们表明酒精摄入可能会增加患乳腺癌的风险。
