Miele Ylenia, Holló Gábor, Lagzi István, Rossi Federico
Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
Life (Basel). 2022 Jun 6;12(6):841. doi: 10.3390/life12060841.
The understanding of the shape-change dynamics leading to the budding and division of artificial cells has gained much attention in the past few decades due to an increased interest in designing stimuli-responsive synthetic systems and minimal models of biological self-reproduction. In this respect, membranes and their composition play a fundamental role in many aspects related to the stability of the vesicles: permeability, elasticity, rigidity, tunability and response to external changes. In this review, we summarise recent experimental and theoretical work dealing with shape deformation and division of (giant) vesicles made of phospholipids and/or fatty acids membranes. Following a classic approach, we divide the strategies used to destabilise the membranes into two different types, physical (osmotic stress, temperature and light) and chemical (addition of amphiphiles, the addition of reactive molecules and pH changes) even though they often act in synergy when leading to a complete division process. Finally, we review the most important theoretical methods employed to describe the equilibrium shapes of giant vesicles and how they provide ways to explain and control the morphological changes leading from one equilibrium structure to another.
在过去几十年里，由于对设计刺激响应性合成系统和生物自我复制的最小模型的兴趣增加，对导致人工细胞出芽和分裂的形状变化动力学的理解受到了广泛关注。在这方面，膜及其组成在与囊泡稳定性相关的许多方面起着基本作用：渗透性、弹性、刚性、可调性以及对外部变化的响应。在本综述中，我们总结了最近关于由磷脂和/或脂肪酸膜制成的（巨型）囊泡的形状变形和分裂的实验和理论工作。按照经典方法，我们将用于使膜不稳定的策略分为两种不同类型，物理（渗透压、温度和光）和化学（添加两亲分子、添加反应性分子和pH变化），尽管它们在导致完整分裂过程时通常协同作用。最后，我们回顾了用于描述巨型囊泡平衡形状的最重要理论方法，以及它们如何提供解释和控制从一种平衡结构到另一种平衡结构的形态变化的方法。
