Bakhteeva Irina, Timofeev Vitalii
State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2022 Jun 10;12(6):870. doi: 10.3390/life12060870.
Anthrax is an especially dangerous zooanthroponosis caused by the Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium . A notable feature of this disease is the difference in susceptibility to it among different groups of animals. Anthrax primarily affects herbivorous ungulate mammals; they are easily infected, and their disease often leads to rapid, even sudden, death. However, predators and scavengers are extremely resistant to anthrax, and if they become infected, they usually become mildly ill. As the result of the increased sensitivity of ungulates to anthrax and the possibility of disease transmission from them to humans, most studies of anthrax have focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infection in farm animals and humans. The issues of anthrax in other animals, such as predators, and the peculiarities of anthrax epidemiology in wild ungulates have not been sufficiently detailed in the literature. In this article, we provide a review of literature sources that describe the differential susceptibility to infection of various groups of animals to anthrax and some epidemiological features of anthrax in animals that are not the main hosts of .
炭疽是一种由革兰氏阳性产芽孢细菌引起的特别危险的人畜共患病。这种疾病的一个显著特征是不同动物群体对它的易感性存在差异。炭疽主要影响食草有蹄类哺乳动物；它们很容易被感染，而且它们的疾病常常导致迅速甚至突然死亡。然而，食肉动物和食腐动物对炭疽具有极强的抵抗力，如果它们被感染，通常只会出现轻微病症。由于有蹄类动物对炭疽的敏感性增加以及疾病从它们传播给人类的可能性，大多数炭疽研究都集中在农场动物和人类感染的诊断、预防和治疗上。关于其他动物（如食肉动物）的炭疽问题以及野生有蹄类动物中炭疽流行病学的特点，文献中并未进行充分详细的阐述。在本文中，我们对文献资料进行了综述，这些资料描述了各类动物群体对炭疽感染的不同易感性以及炭疽在并非主要宿主的动物中的一些流行病学特征。
