Diao Qiyu, Zhang Rong, Fu Tong
Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
Animals (Basel). 2019 Jul 26;9(8):490. doi: 10.3390/ani9080490.
Digestive tract development in calves presents a uniquely organized system. Specifically, as the rumen develops and becomes colonized by microorganisms, a calf physiologically transitions from a pseudo-monogastric animal to a functioning ruminant. Importantly, the development of rumen in calves can directly affect the intake of feed, nutrient digestibility and overall growth. Even minor changes in the early feeding regime and nutrition can drastically influence rumen development, resulting in long-term effects on growth, health, and milk yields in adult cattle. Rumen development in newborn calves is one of the most important and interesting areas of calf nutrition. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent studies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract development in calves. Moreover, we also describe the effect of the environment in shaping the GI tract, including diet, feed additives and feeding management, as well as discuss the strategies to promote the physiological and microbiological development of rumen.
犊牛的消化道发育呈现出一个独特的组织系统。具体而言，随着瘤胃的发育并被微生物定植，犊牛在生理上从伪单胃动物转变为功能正常的反刍动物。重要的是，犊牛瘤胃的发育会直接影响采食量、养分消化率和整体生长。即使早期饲养方式和营养的微小变化也会极大地影响瘤胃发育，从而对成年牛的生长、健康和产奶量产生长期影响。新生犊牛的瘤胃发育是犊牛营养最重要且最有趣的领域之一。本文全面综述了犊牛胃肠道发育的近期研究。此外，我们还描述了环境对胃肠道形成的影响，包括日粮、饲料添加剂和饲养管理，并讨论了促进瘤胃生理和微生物发育的策略。
