Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 May 26;58(6):708. doi: 10.3390/medicina58060708.
Background and Objectives: Given the limited knowledge of antibody responses to COVID-19 and their determinants, we analyzed the relationship between the occurrence of acute-phase symptoms and infection-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G seropositivity up to 8 months post-symptom onset. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 661 middle-aged unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) were interviewed about the presence of symptoms during the acute phase of their previously confirmed COVID-19 and were tested for specific IgG, targeting the spike protein (S1 and S2). The dependence of seropositivity on the symptom occurrence was explored through multiple logistic regression, adjusted for the interval between symptom onset and serology testing, and through classification and regression trees. Results: A total of 551 (83.4%) HCWs showed seropositivity and, inversely, 110 (16.6%) HCWs were seronegative. The chance of IgG seropositivity was increased by dyspnea (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, p < 0.001) and anosmia (OR 1.52, p = 0.021). Fever in HCWs with dyspnea resulted in the highest detected seropositivity rate, and anosmia in HCWs without dyspnea significantly increased the proportion of seropositivity. Conclusion: Clinical manifestation of the acute phase of COVID-19 predisposes to the development of infection-induced antibody responses. The findings can be applied for assessing the long-term protection by IgG, and thus, for creating effective surveillance strategies.
鉴于对 COVID-19 抗体反应及其决定因素的了解有限，我们分析了急性症状出现与感染诱导的免疫球蛋白（IgG）血清阳性反应之间的关系，时间范围为症状出现后 8 个月。材料与方法：在这项横断面研究中，对 661 名未接种疫苗的中年医护人员（HCW）进行了访谈，了解他们之前确诊 COVID-19 急性阶段的症状，并针对刺突蛋白（S1 和 S2）检测了特定的 IgG。通过多变量逻辑回归、调整症状出现和血清学检测之间的时间间隔，以及分类和回归树，探索了血清阳性与症状发生的依赖性。结果：共有 551 名（83.4%）HCW 表现出血清阳性，而 110 名（16.6%）HCW 为血清阴性。呼吸困难（比值比（OR）1.48，p<0.001）和嗅觉丧失（OR 1.52，p=0.021）与 IgG 血清阳性的几率增加相关。在有呼吸困难的 HCW 中，发热导致的血清阳性检出率最高，而在无呼吸困难的 HCW 中，嗅觉丧失显著增加了血清阳性的比例。结论：COVID-19 急性阶段的临床表现易导致感染诱导的抗体反应的产生。这些发现可用于评估 IgG 的长期保护作用，从而制定有效的监测策略。
