Feruza Berdikulova, Abdurassul Zharmenov, Alma Terlikbaeva, Alimgazy Sydykov, Akmaral Serikbayeva
RSE "National Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan", Almaty 050036, Kazakhstan.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jun 8;15(12):4071. doi: 10.3390/ma15124071.
Lead sludge from copper production is a source of rare metals, such as rhenium and osmium, whose content reaches 0.06-0.08% and 0.0025-0.0050%, respectively. The base of the sludge consists of lead sulfate. A method of reductive smelting of lead sludge from copper smelting production at 1000-1100 °C has been developed. Coke was used as a reducing agent and sodium sulfate as a slag-forming material. Optimal conditions for selective extraction of rare metals in smelting products were found: osmium in the form of metallic form into raw lead and rhenium in the form of perrhenate compound NaReO into sodium-sulfate slag. The developed technology makes it possible to extract rhenium with a high degree of extraction in the form of water-soluble compounds for the subsequent production of commercial salts of rhenium by the known hydrometallurgical methods. The content of rhenium in the slag phase is 0.18-0.25%, with its initial content in the slime of 0.06-0.08%. The degree of rhenium concentration at the first stage of processing is 3-3.2 times in the form of water-soluble perrhenate. Osmium and lead do not form solid solutions; osmium in crude lead is mainly concentrated in the lower zones of lead. A method of obtaining a concentrate containing 53-67% osmium from raw lead with an initial content of 0.0025-0.0050% in the slurry and a concentration number of 13,000-21,000 times has been proposed.
铜生产过程中产生的铅污泥是铼和锇等稀有金属的来源，其含量分别达到0.06 - 0.08%和0.0025 - 0.0050%。污泥的主要成分是硫酸铅。已开发出一种在1000 - 1100°C下对铜冶炼生产中的铅污泥进行还原熔炼的方法。使用焦炭作为还原剂，硫酸钠作为造渣材料。发现了熔炼产物中稀有金属选择性提取的最佳条件：金属形式的锇进入粗铅，高铼酸盐化合物NaReO形式的铼进入硫酸钠炉渣。所开发的技术能够以高提取率提取铼，使其以水溶性化合物的形式存在，以便随后通过已知的湿法冶金方法生产铼的商业盐。炉渣相中铼的含量为0.18 - 0.25%，而其在矿泥中的初始含量为0.06 - 0.08%。在处理的第一阶段，铼以水溶性高铼酸盐的形式富集程度为3 - 3.2倍。锇和铅不形成固溶体；粗铅中的锇主要集中在铅的下部区域。已提出一种从初始含量为0.0025 - 0.0050%的矿泥中获得含53 - 67%锇的粗铅精矿的方法，富集倍数为13000 - 21000倍。
