Zavaglio Federica, Cassaniti Irene, Sammartino Josè Camilla, Tonello Stelvio, Sainaghi Pier Paolo, Novelli Viola, Meloni Federica, Lilleri Daniele, Baldanti Fausto
Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Immunoreumatology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 18;10(6):1250. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061250.
We compared the development and persistence of antibody and T-cell responses elicited by the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analysed 37 post-COVID-19 patients (15 with pneumonia and 22 with mild symptoms) and 20 vaccinated subjects. Anti-Spike IgG and neutralising antibodies were higher in vaccinated subjects and in patients with pneumonia than in patients with mild COVID-19, and persisted at higher levels in patients with pneumonia while declining in vaccinated subjects. However, the booster dose restored the initial antibody levels. The proliferative CD4 T-cell response was similar in vaccinated subjects and patients with pneumonia, but was lower in mild COVID-19 patients and persisted in both vaccinated subjects and post-COVID patients. Instead, the proliferative CD8 T-cell response was lower in vaccinated subjects than in patients with pneumonia, decreased six months after vaccination, and was not restored after the booster dose. The cytokine profile was mainly T1 in both vaccinated subjects and post-COVID-19 patients. The mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine elicited higher levels of antibody and CD4 T-cell responses than those observed in mild COVID-19 patients. While the antibody response declined after six months and required a booster dose to be restored at the initial levels, the proliferative CD4 T-cell response persisted over time.
我们比较了mRNA疫苗BNT162b2或SARS-CoV-2感染引发的抗体和T细胞反应的发展及持久性。我们分析了37例新冠康复患者（15例肺炎患者和22例轻症患者）以及20例接种疫苗的受试者。接种疫苗的受试者和肺炎患者体内的抗刺突蛋白IgG和中和抗体水平高于轻症新冠患者，且在肺炎患者中持续保持较高水平，而在接种疫苗的受试者中则呈下降趋势。不过，加强针恢复了初始抗体水平。接种疫苗的受试者和肺炎患者的增殖性CD4 T细胞反应相似，但在轻症新冠患者中较低，且在接种疫苗的受试者和新冠康复患者中均持续存在。相反，接种疫苗的受试者的增殖性CD8 T细胞反应低于肺炎患者，在接种疫苗6个月后下降，且在加强针接种后未恢复。在接种疫苗的受试者和新冠康复患者中，细胞因子谱主要为T1型。mRNA疫苗BNT162b2引发的抗体和CD4 T细胞反应水平高于轻症新冠患者。虽然抗体反应在6个月后下降，需要加强针才能恢复到初始水平，但增殖性CD4 T细胞反应随时间持续存在。
