Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Cell and Developmental Biology Program, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
Viruses. 2022 May 27;14(6):1167. doi: 10.3390/v14061167.
Primary simian varicella virus (SVV) infection and reactivation in nonhuman primates is a valuable animal model in the study of varicella zoster virus disease [varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles)]. To understand SVV pathogenesis in skin, we inoculated 10 rhesus macaques with SVV, resulting in varicella rash. After the establishment of latency, eight of the monkeys were immunosuppressed using tacrolimus with or without irradiation and prednisone and two monkeys were not immunosuppressed. Zoster rash developed in all immunosuppressed monkeys and in one non-immunosuppressed monkey. Five monkeys had recurrent zoster. During varicella and zoster, SVV DNA in skin scrapings ranged from 50 to 10 copies/100 ng of total DNA and 2-127 copies/100 ng of total DNA, respectively. Detection of SVV DNA in blood during varicella was more frequent and abundant compared to that of zoster. During varicella and zoster, SVV antigens colocalized with neurons expressing β-III tubulin in epidermis, hair follicles, and sweat glands, suggesting axonal transport of the virus. Together, we have demonstrated that both SVV DNA and antigens can be detected in skin lesions during varicella and zoster, providing the basis for further studies on SVV skin pathogenesis, including immune responses and mechanisms of peripheral spread.
原发性猴痘病毒(SVV)感染和再激活是研究水痘带状疱疹病毒疾病(水痘和带状疱疹)的一种有价值的动物模型。为了了解 SVV 在皮肤中的发病机制,我们用 SVV 接种了 10 只恒河猴,导致了水痘皮疹。潜伏期建立后,8 只猴子用他克莫司加或不加照射和泼尼松进行免疫抑制,2 只猴子未进行免疫抑制。所有免疫抑制的猴子和一只未免疫抑制的猴子都出现了带状疱疹皮疹。五只猴子出现了复发性带状疱疹。在水痘和带状疱疹期间,皮肤刮片中的 SVV DNA 分别为 50 至 10 拷贝/100ng 总 DNA 和 2-127 拷贝/100ng 总 DNA。与带状疱疹相比,水痘期间血液中 SVV DNA 的检测更为频繁和丰富。在水痘和带状疱疹期间,SVV 抗原与表皮、毛囊和汗腺中表达β-III 微管蛋白的神经元共定位,表明病毒的轴突运输。总之,我们已经证明,在水痘和带状疱疹期间,皮肤病变中可以检测到 SVV DNA 和抗原,为进一步研究 SVV 的皮肤发病机制提供了基础,包括免疫反应和外周传播的机制。