Timme Sinika, Wolff Wanja, Englert Chris, Brand Ralf
Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 7;13:915016. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915016. eCollection 2022.
There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control. Participants completed both a task requiring inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task) and a control task (two-choice task). Behavioral performance and pupil size were measured during the tasks. Subjective vitality was measured before and after the tasks. While pupil size and subjective vitality showed similar trajectories in the two tasks, behavioral performance decreased in the inhibitory control-demanding task, but not in the control task. However, behavioral, subjective, and physiological measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that there is a disconnect between different measures of self-control with high intra- and interindividual variability. Theoretical and methodological implications for self-control theory and future empirical work are discussed.
关于如何测试和实施自我控制，目前存在着持续的争论。这种有限的理解在很大程度上是由于用于评估自我控制的各种不同测试和测量方法，以及缺乏对自我控制过程中时间动态的实证研究。为了追踪在进行自我控制任务过程中发生的变化，我们研究并比较了自我控制过程中的行为、主观和生理指标。参与者完成了一项需要抑制控制的任务（Go/No-Go任务）和一项控制任务（二选一任务）。在任务过程中测量行为表现和瞳孔大小。在任务前后测量主观活力。虽然瞳孔大小和主观活力在两项任务中显示出相似的轨迹，但在需要抑制控制的任务中行为表现下降，而在控制任务中则没有。然而，行为、主观和生理测量之间没有显著相关性。这些结果表明，自我控制的不同测量方法之间存在脱节，个体内部和个体之间存在高度变异性。讨论了对自我控制理论和未来实证工作的理论和方法学意义。
