Arija Val Victoria, Santi Cano María José, Novalbos Ruiz José Pedro, Canals Josefa, Rodríguez Martín Amelia
Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. Universidad de Cádiz.
Nutr Hosp. 2022 Aug 26;39(Spec No2):8-15. doi: 10.20960/nh.04173.
Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications. Methods: we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The search terms were "anorexia nervosa", "bulimia nervosa", "binge eating disorders" and "epidemiology" both in titles and in abstracts. Results and conclusions: EDs generally occur in adolescents and young adults. The best characterized TCAs are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (TA). Prevalence studies indicate wide differences by age group and sex, much higher in young women (NA, 0.1-2 %; BN, 0.37-2.98 %; BED, 0.62-4.45 %). The prevalence of EDs is 2.2 % (0.2-13.1 %) in Europe, 3.5 % (0.6-7.8 %) in Asia, and 4.6 % (2.0-13.5 %) in America. Comorbidity is high with psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and personality disorders.
饮食失调是一组疾病，其中对食物、体型和体重的负面信念与诸如限制食物摄入、暴饮暴食、过度运动、自我催吐和使用泻药等行为同时存在。它们可能会变得严重，影响生活质量，并导致多种身体甚至精神并发症，甚至可能导致致命后果。本章的目的是根据最新出版物中的最新信息描述饮食失调的特征、流行病学和趋势。方法：我们在Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane和科学网进行了系统的文献检索。检索词为标题和摘要中的“神经性厌食症”、“神经性贪食症”、“暴饮暴食症”和“流行病学”。结果与结论：饮食失调通常发生在青少年和年轻人中。特征最明显的饮食失调类型是神经性厌食症（AN）、神经性贪食症（BN）和暴饮暴食症（TA）。患病率研究表明，不同年龄组和性别之间存在很大差异，年轻女性中的患病率要高得多（神经性厌食症，0.1 - 2%；神经性贪食症，0.37 - 2.98%；暴饮暴食症，0.62 - 4.45%）。饮食失调在欧洲的患病率为2.2%（0.2 - 13.1%），在亚洲为3.5%（0.6 - 7.8%），在美国为4.6%（2.0 - 13.5%）。饮食失调与抑郁症、焦虑症、注意力缺陷/多动障碍、强迫症和人格障碍等精神问题的共病率很高。
