Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Sep;110:108983. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108983. Epub 2022 Jun 21.
The accumulating evidence revealed that microbiota plays a significant function in training, function, and the induction of host immunity. Once this interaction (immune system-microbiota) works correctly, it enables the production of protective responses against pathogens and keeps the regulatory pathways essential for maintaining tolerance to innocent antigens. This concept of immunity and metabolic activity redefines the realm of immunometabolism, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions to modulate immune cells through immune metabolic alterations. A body of evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, play a key role in immune balance. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate various vital biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal function, and the immune system. Such SCFAs generated by gut bacteria also impact immunity, cellular function, and immune cell fate. This is a new concept of immune metabolism, and better knowledge about how lifestyle affects intestinal immunometabolism is crucial for preventing and treating disease. In this review article, we explicitly focus on the function of SCFAs in the metabolism of immune cells, especially macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T (Th) helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs).
越来越多的证据表明，微生物群在训练、功能和宿主免疫的诱导中发挥着重要作用。一旦这种相互作用（免疫系统-微生物群）正常运作，它就能产生针对病原体的保护反应，并保持对维持对无辜抗原的耐受性至关重要的调节途径。这种免疫和代谢活动的概念重新定义了免疫代谢的领域，为通过免疫代谢改变来调节免疫细胞的创新治疗干预铺平了道路。大量证据表明，微生物群衍生的代谢物，包括短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），如丁酸盐、乙酸盐和丙酸盐，在免疫平衡中发挥关键作用。SCFAs 作用于许多细胞类型，调节包括宿主代谢、肠道功能和免疫系统在内的各种重要的生物学过程。肠道细菌产生的这种 SCFAs 也会影响免疫、细胞功能和免疫细胞命运。这是免疫代谢的一个新概念，更好地了解生活方式如何影响肠道免疫代谢对于预防和治疗疾病至关重要。在这篇综述文章中，我们明确关注 SCFAs 在免疫细胞（特别是巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞（DCs）、B 细胞、辅助性 T（Th）细胞和细胞毒性 T 细胞（CTL））代谢中的作用。
